Family: Sarraceniaceae
Author: Torr.
Bibliography: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 6(4): 5 (1853)
Year: 1853
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Darlingtonia
Vegetable: False
Observations: SW. Oregon to N. California
Description
The California-pitcherplant, scientifically named Darlingtonia californica, is a unique and fascinating carnivorous plant primarily found in the regions stretching from Southwestern Oregon to Northern California. As a member of the Sarraceniaceae family, this plant is adapted to the nutrient-poor soils of these areas and has developed remarkable mechanisms to trap and digest insects for its nutritional needs.
Characteristically, the California-pitcherplant has a distinctive appearance, which makes it easily recognizable among the flora of its habitat. The plant’s most notable feature is its tubular leaves, which form into a shape that resembles a cobra’s hood, often leading to its nickname “cobra lily.” The leaves have a deep, greenish hue and are intricately patterned with veins and occasionally adorned with red and purple markings.
The trapping mechanism of Darlingtonia californica is highly specialized. The tubular leaves serve as a pitfall trap. Insects are attracted to the plant’s exaggerated hood by its nectar and bright coloration. Once inside, the slippery surfaces and downward-pointing hairs make escape nearly impossible for the prey. Eventually, the insect falls into a pool of digestive enzymes at the bottom of the tube, where it is broken down and absorbed by the plant.
The California-pitcherplant thrives in boggy, serpentine soils where other plants find it difficult to survive. It is often found in areas with cold, running water, a microhabitat that is essential for its growth. The plant’s survival strategy also includes a physiological adaptation that allows it to photosynthesize efficiently despite the limited nutrient availability in its environment.
First described in 1853 by the botanist Torr., the California-pitcherplant has intrigued scientists and plant enthusiasts alike for its unusual characteristics and survival strategies. With meticulous observations recorded over time, it has become a symbol of the extraordinary adaptability of carnivorous plants.
In cultivation, Darlingtonia californica requires conditions that simulate its natural habitat. This includes exceptionally pure water, cool root environments, and high humidity. Gardeners and botanists aiming to grow this plant often use specialized terrariums or controlled outdoor settings to meet its specific needs.
The California-pitcherplant remains a critical subject of study in understanding plant evolution, adaptation, and the delicate balance of ecosystems where nutrient-poor soils challenge plant survival. Its continued presence in its native range of Southwestern Oregon to Northern California signifies the resilience and wonder of carnivorous plants in the natural world.
Common Names
Eng: california pitcherplant, california-pitcherplant, calf’s head, cobra lily, cobra plant, cobra-lily, california pitcher plant
Swe: kobratrumpet
Fra: darlingtonie de californie
En: California-pitcherplant, Cobra-lily, California pitcherplant, Calf’s head, Cobra lily, Cobra plant, California pitcher plant
Fr: Darlingtonie de Californie
Sv: Kobratrumpet
Synonyms
- Chrysamphora californica ((Torr.) Greene)
- Darlingtonia californica f. viridiflora (B.Rice)
Distribution
- California (native)
- Oregon (native)
- British Columbia (introduced)
- Washington (introduced)
Additional Images
Leaf
Taken Jul 25, 2022 by #MaryKingfishers MK (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 18, 2022 by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 18, 2022 by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 18, 2022 by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 6, 2020 by Vicki Matheson (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Feb 7, 2011 by EOL − Barry Rice (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Jul 7, 2011 by EOL − Barry Rice (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Jul 7, 2011 by EOL − Barry Rice (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Sep 18, 2022 by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 24, 2019 by Toshia T (cc-by-sa)
Flower
Taken May 11, 2019 by Slo (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 11, 2019 by Slo (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 12, 2006 by EOL − Steve Matson (cc-by-nc)
Taken Dec 4, 2008 by EOL − Keir Morse (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Feb 24, 1999 by EOL − Gladys Lucille Smith (cc-by-nc-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Other
Taken Jan 2, 2015 by EOL − Liam O’Brien (cc-by-nc)
Fruit
Taken Dec 4, 2008 by EOL − Keir Morse (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Dec 4, 2008 by EOL − Keir Morse (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Mar 24, 2012 by EOL − Gary A. Monroe (cc-by-nc)
Taken Apr 20, 2006 by EOL − Barry Rice (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Apr 20, 2006 by EOL − Barry Rice (cc-by-nc-sa)
Bark
Taken Feb 7, 2011 by EOL − Barry Rice (cc-by-nc-sa)
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5939805)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:76771-2)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Darlingtonia californica Torr.)
Specifications
Growth habit>: Subshrub, Forb/herb