Family: Oleaceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 1057 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Fraxinus
Vegetable: False
Observations: EC. & S. Europe to Caucasus
Description
The Manna tree, scientifically known as Fraxinus ornus, is a notable member of the Oleaceae family. First documented in the seminal botanical work “Species Plantarum” in 1753 by the esteemed botanist Carl Linnaeus, commonly abbreviated as “L.”, this tree has garnered attention for its unique characteristics and wide distribution.
Native to an extensive range stretching from Eastern and Southern Europe to the Caucasus, the Manna tree thrives in these regions’ temperate climates. Renowned for its aesthetic and ecological value, Fraxinus ornus is often prized both for its ornamental beauty and its role in various ecological habitats.
The tree is characterized by its distinctive pinnate leaves, which provide a lush, verdant canopy, and its clusters of fragrant, creamy white flowers that bloom in the spring. These blossoms are not only visually appealing but also attract a variety of pollinators, thereby playing a crucial role in the local ecosystems.
Fraxinus ornus has historically been valued for the sweet sap it produces, known as “manna,” which has been harvested for centuries. This sap was traditionally sought after for its purported medicinal properties and sweetening abilities, adding to the tree’s economic and cultural significance in the regions where it is found.
In addition to its practical uses, the Manna tree is also esteemed for its resilience and adaptability. It can thrive in a range of soil types and conditions, making it a versatile species in both wild and cultivated environments.
Overall, Fraxinus ornus stands as a testament to the rich natural heritage of its native regions, symbolizing both the beauty and utility that trees can offer to human societies. Its enduring presence across vast geographical areas underscores its ecological adaptability and the continued interest in its diverse applications.
Common Names
Deu: blumen-esche, blumen-esche, manna-esche, manna-esche
Fra: frêne à fleurs, orne, frêne à manne, orne à manne
Dan: manna-ask
Eng: flowering ash, manna, manna ash
Por: freixo-do-maná, freixo-flor
Spa: fresno de flor, maná de calabria
Ces: jasan zimnář
Swe: manna-ask, mannaask
Nld: pluim-es
Nno: mannaask
Nob: mannaask
En: Manna, Manna ash, Flowering ash, Flake Manna
Ar: مران رمادي
Hy: Հացենի սպիտակ
Az: Ağ göyrüş
Eu: Lizar loredun
Bg: Мъждрян
Ca: Freixe d’olor, Freixe de flor, Freixe del manà, Freixe femella, Freixe orn
Hr: Crni jasen
Cs: Jasan zimnář
Da: Manna-Ask
Nl: Pluimes, Pluim-es
Eo: Orno
Fi: Mannasaarni
Fr: Frêne à fleurs, Frêne à manne, Orne à manne, Orne, Frêne orne, Orne d’Europe
Gl: Freixo de flor
De: Manna-Esche, Blumen-Esche, Blumen-Esche, Manna-Esche, Blumen Esche, Manna Esche
El: Μηλιάδι, Φράξινος ο όρνος
He: מילה לבנת-פרחים
Hi: फ्रेक्सिनस ऑर्नस
Hu: Virágos kőris
It: Avorniello, Frassiono da manna, Orniello, Orno, Frassino da manna
Mk: Црн јасен
No: Mannaask
Nb: Mannaask
Nn: Mannaask
Fa: زبان گنجشک گل
Pl: Jesion mannowy
Pt: Freixo-do-maná, Freixo-flor
Ro: Mojdrean
Ru: Ясень манновый
Sr: Црни јасен
Sk: Jaseň mannový
Es: Fresno de flor, Maná de Calabria, Črni jesen, Orno
Sv: Manna-ask, Mannaask
Tl: Mana
Tr: Çiçekli dişbudak
Uk: Ясен білоцвітий
Cy: Onnen Eiddil
Synonyms
- Ornus ornus ((L.) H.Karst.)
- Fraxinus montana (Salisb.)
- Ornus europaea (Pers.)
Distribution
- Albania (native)
- Austria (native)
- Bulgaria (native)
- Corse (native)
- Czechoslovakia (native)
- Greece (native)
- Hungary (native)
- Italy (native)
- Lebanon-Syria (native)
- Romania (native)
- Sardegna (native)
- Sicilia (native)
- Spain (native)
- Switzerland (native)
- Transcaucasus (native)
- Turkey (native)
- Turkey-in-Europe (native)
- Yugoslavia (native)
- Argentina Northeast (introduced)
- Belgium (introduced)
- France (introduced)
- Germany (introduced)
- Portugal (introduced)
Additional Images
Flower
Taken May 2, 2018 by Fejul Xeto (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 2, 2018 by Fejul Xeto (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 30, 2020 by Marzocchi Monica (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 2, 2018 by Fejul Xeto (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 2, 2018 by Fejul Xeto (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Feb 5, 2022 by Neriman Kashouli (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 1, 2022 by Augusto Biagini (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 10, 2021 by Pozzan Dario (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 30, 2020 by Marzocchi Monica (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 2, 2018 by Fejul Xeto (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Jul 26, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 1, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Bruno LINEATTE (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 3, 2020 by Танюшка (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 12, 2022 by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 6, 2022 by Joseph Dupont (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken Jan 30, 2021 by bard s (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 30, 2021 by bard s (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 10, 2022 by Walter Vanicek (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 12, 2022 by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 22, 2017 by Pietro Baroni (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Mar 29, 2020 by Guy Heine (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 18, 2020 by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 15, 2021 by Patrick Nard (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 26, 2018 by El Mojito (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 21, 2019 by Antonio Lupo (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Apr 28, 2022 by Rosell Ramon (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 15, 2021 by sebastien Ledentu Determ (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 25, 2022 by Julie SANSALONI (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 29, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 2, 2022 by Annemarie Ahrens-Stehle (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:609128-1)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/3172347)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Fraxinus ornus L.)
Specifications
Growth habit: Tree
Growth
Ph maximum: 7.5
Ph minimum: 7.0
Light: 8
Atmospheric humidity: 5
Bloom months: [‘may’]
Soil nutriments: 5