American figwort (Scrophularia lanceolata, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 419 (1813))

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Author: Pursh

Bibliography: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 419 (1813)

Year: 1813

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Scrophularia

Vegetable: False

Observations: Canada to U.S.A.

Description

American figwort, scientifically known as Scrophularia lanceolata, is a notable member of the Scrophulariaceae family. This perennial herb, first described by Pursh in 1813, is indigenous to a wide range of environments extending from Canada to the United States.

The plant is distinguished by its erect, square stems, which support its lance-shaped leaves. These leaves, often dark green and serrated along the edges, contribute to the plant’s unique foliage. The American figwort thrives in a variety of habitats including woodlands, meadows, and riverbanks, showcasing its adaptability to different soil types and moisture conditions.

One of the most remarkable features of Scrophularia lanceolata is its flowering habit. During blooming season, which typically spans from late spring to summer, the plant produces small, tubular flowers. These blooms, usually a greenish-brown or maroon in color, are organized in loose clusters at the top of the plant. The flowers are known for their intricate structure and subtle beauty, attracting a range of pollinators including bees and hummingbirds.

In addition to its ecological role, American figwort has been noted for its traditional medicinal uses. Indigenous peoples and early settlers often utilized various parts of the plant for its purported therapeutic properties. Infusions made from the leaves and roots were commonly used to treat ailments such as skin conditions, inflammations, and sore throats.

Though not widely known as a garden plant, American figwort can be an intriguing addition to native plant gardens or naturalized areas. Its unique appearance and beneficial qualities for pollinators make it a valuable species for those interested in promoting biodiversity and supporting local ecosystems.

In conclusion, Scrophularia lanceolata stands out not only for its botanical characteristics and resilience but also for its historical significance and ecological importance. This remarkable plant continues to capture the interest of botanists and nature enthusiasts alike, ensuring its presence in the diverse tapestry of North American flora.

Common Names

Eng: american figwort, lanceleaf figwort, lance-leaved figwort, hare figwort, lanceolate figwort
Swe: lansettflenört
Fra: scrofulaire lancéolée
En: American figwort, Lanceleaf figwort, Lance-Leaf Figwort, Lance-leaved figwort, Hare figwort, Lanceolate figwort
Ar: غدب سناني
Fr: Scrofulaire lancéolée
Sv: Lansettflenört

Synonyms

• Scrophularia utahensis (Gand.)
• Scrophularia lanceolata var. occidentalis (Pennell)
• Scrophularia serrata (Rydb.)
• Scrophularia dimidiata (Raf.)
• Scrophularia dakotana (Lunell)
• Scrophularia lanceolata f. velutina (Pennell)
• Scrophularia nodosa var. lanceolata ((Pursh) M.E.Jones)
• Scrophularia leporella (E.P.Bicknell)
• Scrophularia pectinata (Raf.)
• Scrophularia nodosa var. occidentalis (Rydb.)
• Scrophularia occidentalis ((Rydb.) E.P.Bicknell)

Distribution

• Alberta (native)
• British Columbia (native)
• California (native)
• Colorado (native)
• Connecticut (native)
• Delaware (native)
• Idaho (native)
• Illinois (native)
• Indiana (native)
• Iowa (native)
• Kansas (native)
• Maine (native)
• Maryland (native)
• Masachusettes (native)
• Michigan (native)
• Minnesota (native)
• Missouri (native)
• Montana (native)
• Nebraska (native)
• Nevada (native)
• New Brunswick (native)
• New Hampshire (native)
• New Jersey (native)
• New Mexico (native)
• New York (native)
• North Dakota (native)
• Nova Scotia (native)
• Ohio (native)
• Oklahoma (native)
• Ontario (native)
• Oregon (native)
• Pennsylvania (native)
• Québec (native)
• Rhode I. (native)
• Saskatchewan (native)
• South Dakota (native)
• Tennessee (native)
• Utah (native)
• Vermont (native)
• Virginia (native)
• Washington (native)
• West Virginia (native)
• Wisconsin (native)
• Wyoming (native)

Additional Images

Flower

Taken Feb 6, 2010 by EOL − Keir Morse (cc-by-nc-sa)

Taken Feb 6, 2010 by EOL − Keir Morse (cc-by-nc-sa)

Taken Oct 16, 1998 by EOL − Charles Webber (cc-by-nc-sa)

Taken Jun 8, 2011 by EOL − Ken-ichi Ueda (cc-by-nc-sa)

Habit

Taken Feb 6, 2010 by EOL − Keir Morse (cc-by-nc-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Ripley, J.D. (cc-by-nc-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Ripley, J.D. (cc-by-nc-sa)

Taken Jun 8, 2011 by EOL − Ken-ichi Ueda (cc-by-nc-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/3170878)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:809288-1)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh)

Specifications

Growth habit>: Forb/herb

Growth