Barley (Hordeum vulgare, Sp. Pl.: 84 (1753))

Family: Poaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 84 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Hordeum

Vegetable: False

Observations: a cultigen from Israel

Description

Barley, scientifically known as Hordeum vulgare, is a vital cereal grain that holds substantial historical, economic, and nutritional significance. Since its first record in 1753 by the renowned botanist Carolus Linnaeus (commonly abbreviated as L.), barley has been extensively cultivated and studied. Originating as a cultigen from Israel, this robust plant has adapted to various climates and soils, making it one of the most versatile crops in the agricultural world.

Belonging to the Poaceae family, barley is a member of the grass family, which encompasses various critical cereal grains that are staples in human and animal diets. The plant typically thrives in temperate regions and is characterized by its slender, yet sturdy stalks topped with dense, bristly heads filled with grains. These grains are housed in protective husks, which can be processed for different uses, including malting, animal fodder, and as an ingredient in various culinary applications.

Barley’s historical roots can be traced back to ancient times when it played a crucial role in the agricultural practices of early civilizations. It was one of the first domesticated grains and has since been a cornerstone in the development of agrarian societies. In addition to its agricultural importance, barley is also significant in the brewing industry, where it is a primary ingredient in the production of beer and other fermented beverages.

Nutritionally, barley is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, notably selenium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Its high fiber content, particularly beta-glucan soluble fiber, is known for promoting heart health and aiding in digestion. Furthermore, the versatility of barley allows it to be used in various forms, such as whole grain, flour, and pearl barley – each form offering distinct health benefits and culinary applications.

Overall, barley (Hordeum vulgare) not only serves as a fundamental element in global agriculture but also represents a bridge between historical cultivation practices and modern nutritional science. Its enduring presence and adaptability underscore its importance as a staple crop that continues to sustain populations worldwide.

Common Names

Dan: almindelig byg
Tur: arpa
Eng: barley, cereal barley, common barley, six-rowed barley
Fra: escourgeon, orge carrée, orge commune, orge d’hiver, orge à quatre rangs, orge à six rangs, orge, orge vulgaire
Deu: mehrzeilige gerste, saat-gerste, saat-gerste, zweizeilige gerste
Spa: cebada
Por: cevada
Ces: je
Swe: korn
Ell: krithari
Ita: orzo
Lav: parastais miezis
Nld: gerst
Sme: bivgi
Nob: seksradsbygg, bygg
Nno: seksradsbygg, bygg
Cym: barlys, haidd, haidd chwerhesog, llys y bara
Gla: eòrna
En: Barley, Common barley, CEREAL BARLEY, Bere, Gerste, Ordzu, Арба, Арбай, तछ्व, Six-rowed Barley
Af: Gars
Sq: Elbi
Am: ገብስ
Ar: شعير, بهمى (بَهمى، بُهمى), شعيريه (شَعيريه)، شعريه (شَعْريه)
Hy: Սովորական գարի
Ay: Siwara
Az: Adi arpa
Ba: Арпа
Eu: Garagar
Be: Ячмень звычайны
Bn: যব
Bs: Ječam
Br: Heiz
Bg: Обикновен ечемик
My: မုယော
Ca: Ordi
Ce: Мукх
Zh: 二棱大麥, 大麥, 大麦
Cv: Урпа
Hr: Ječam
Cs: Ječmen obecný, Je
Da: Flerradet byg, Almindelig byg
Dv: ހިމަ ގޮދަން
Nl: Gerst
Eo: Ordinara hordeo
Et: Harilik oder
Fi: Ohra, Pelto-ohra
Fr: Orge commune, Escourgeon, Orge carrée, Orge d’hiver, Orge à quatre rangs, Orge à six rangs, Orge, Orge vulgaire, Orge cultivée
Gl: Cebada
Ka: Სათესი ქერი
De: Sechszeilige Gerste, Gerste, Mehrzeilige Gerste, Saat-Gerste, Saat-Gerste, Zweizeilige Gerste, Zweizeilige Gerste
El: Κριθάρι, Krithari
Ht: Òj
Ha: Sha’ir
He: שעורה תרבותית
Hi: जौ
Hu: Négysoros árpa, Takarmányárpa, Árpa
Is: Bygg
Io: Hordeo
Id: Barli
Ga: Eorna
It: Orzo, Orzo coltivato
Ja: Ō-mugi
Jv: Jawawut
Kn: ಬಾರ್ಲಿ
Kk: Кәдімгі арпа
Ky: Арпа
Ko: Bori, 보리
Lv: Parastais miezis
Li: Gaes
Lt: Paprastasis miežis
Lg: Barley
Mk: Јачмен
Ms: Pokok Barli
Ml: ബാർളി
Gv: Oarn
Mr: जव
Mn: Арвай
Ne: जौ
Se: Bivgi
No: Sekskantbygg, Bygg
Nb: Seksradsbygg, Bygg
Nn: Seksradsbygg, Bygg
Oc: Òrdi
Or: ଯଅ
Os: Кæрвæдз
Pa: ਜੌਂ
Fa: جو
Pl: Jęczmień
Pt: Cevada
Pt-br: Cevada
Qu: Siwara
Ro: Orz
Ru: Ячмень обыкновенный
Sa: यवः
Gd: Eòrna
Sr: Јечам
Sn: Bhari
Sd: جو
Sk: Jačmeň siaty
So: Heed
Es: Cebada, Ječmen, Cebada común
Sw: Shayiri
Sv: Korn, Sexadskorn
Tl: Sebada
Zh-tw: 大麥
Tg: Ҷав
Ta: வாற்கோதுமை
Tt: Арпа
Te: బార్లీ
Th: ข้าวบาร์เลย์
Bo: ནས།
Tr: Arpa
Ug: ئارپا
Uk: Ячмінь звичайний
Ur: جو
Uz: Arpa
Vi: Đại mạch
Wa: Oidje
Cy: Haidd chwerhesog, Barlys, Haidd, Llys y Bara
Yi: גערשט
Za: Mienhhaeux

Synonyms

• Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste (L.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. multispiculum (Trofim.)
• Hordeum strobelense (Chiov.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. subnudipiramidatum (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum barbaricum (Risso)
• Hordeum coeleste ((L.) P.Beauv.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. trofimovskajae (Omarov)
• Hordeum nudum-distichum (Risso)
• Hordeum vulgare subsp. medioasiaticum (Bachteev)
• Hordeum ircutianum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum daghestanicum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum sativum (Pers.)
• Hordeum praecox (Risso)
• Frumentum sativum (E.H.L.Krause)
• Hordeum vulgare var. breviaristatum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. micrurum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. griseinudum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. nudinipponicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. subnudum (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum vulgare var. nipponicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum himalayense (Rittig)
• Hordeum vulgare var. zeocrithideficiens (Vavilov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. harlanii (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. chungense (Åberg)
• Hordeum transcaucasicum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum michalkowii (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. latibrevisetum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. tetrapallidum (Trofim. & Lukyanova)
• Hordeum parvum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. interpallidum (Trofim.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. bachteevii (Omarov)
• Hordeum vulgare subsp. tetrastichum ((Stokes) Čelak.)
• Hordeum elongatum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum hibernaculum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. glabrierectum (Vavilov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum jarenskianum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum mandshuroides (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. macrosteron (Alef.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. valentinae (Omarov)
• Hordeum vulgare var. subnutans (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum revelatum ((Körn.) A.Schulz)
• Hordeum vulgare var. griseinigrum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. uljassutaicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. ancoberense (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum aestivum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. glabrispicatum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. ismailii (Omarov)
• Hordeum vulgare var. saidii (Omarov)
• Hordeum pensanum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum bifarium (Roth)
• Hordeum nigrum (Willd.)
• Hordeum sativum subsp. vulgare ((L.) K.Richt.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. pallidum (Ser.)
• Hordeum polystichon (Haller)
• Hordeum caspicum (R.E.Regel)
• Frumentum hordeum (E.H.L.Krause)
• Hordeum vulgare var. daghestanicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum lapponicum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. nudijaponicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. subneogenes (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum polystichon var. hexastichon (Döll)
• Hordeum vulgare var. tibetanum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. japonicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum taganrocense (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. syriacum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. glabrigracilius (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum vulgare var. latirevelatum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. coerulescens (Ser.)
• Secale orientale (Schreb. ex Roth)
• Hordeum kiarchanum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum brachyatherum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum pyramidatum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum pamiricum (Vavilov)
• Hordeum hexastichon var. mandshuricum (Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. lvovii (Omarov)
• Hordeum kalugense (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. addis-abebae (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. glabrideficiens (Vavilov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum polystichon var. hackelii (Chiov.)
• Hordeum hibernans (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. suberectum (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum hexastichon (L.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. kobdicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. revelatum (Körn.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. gobicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare f. hexastichon ((L.) M.Hiroe)
• Hordeum vulgare var. rarum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon ((L.) Asch.)
• Hordeum perversum (Forssk.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. subpyramidatum (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum vulgare subsp. polystichon ((Haller) Asch. & Graebn.)
• Hordeum violaceum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum nekludowii (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare subsp. antasiaticum (Bachteev)
• Hordeum vulgare var. brachyura (Alef.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. mandshuricum (Regel)
• Hordeum durum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. nanum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. nigrinudum (Vavilov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum tetrastichum var. nudum (Gray)
• Hordeum vulgare var. sinojaponicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. nigrum ((Willd.) Rchb.)
• Hordeum tanaiticum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum scabriusculum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum walpersii (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. ibericum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. euryhypatherum (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum vulgare var. latinudipyramidatum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. colonicum (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum polystichon var. vulgare ((L.) Döll)
• Hordeum latum (Risso)
• Hordeum septentrionale (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum americanum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum hirtiusculum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. brevispicatum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. tetranutans (Trofim. & Lukyanova)
• Hordeum karzinianum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum coeleste var. barbatum (Ser.)
• Hordeum hexastichon var. densum (Ser.)
• Hordeum defectoides (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare subsp. hexastichon ((L.) Čelak.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. tortile (Ser.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. palestinicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum sativum var. trifurcatum (Schltdl. ex Orlov & Åberg)
• Hordeum vulgare var. hangaicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. viride (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. glabribrevisetum (Regel ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum sativum subsp. hexastichon ((L.) K.Richt.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. africanum (Vavilov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. patimatae (Omarov)
• Hordeum stassewitschii (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. zuleichatae (Omarov)
• Hordeum vulgare var. sinicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. sikangense (Åberg)
• Hordeum leptostachys (Griff.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. glabriviride (Trofim.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. mongolicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. insularum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum laevipaleatum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. sessilifurcatum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum horsfordianum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. hypatherum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum gymnodistichum (Duthie)
• Hordeum vulgare var. aestivum (Metzg. ex Alef.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. brunneinudum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. chinense (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum hexastichon var. laxum (Ser.)
• Hordeum vulgare var. hybernum (Viborg)
• Hordeum tetrastichum (Stokes)
• Hordeum vulgare var. abdulbasirovii (Omarov)
• Hordeum vulgare var. atratum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. lukyanovae (Omarov)
• Hordeum vulgare var. leioheterolepis (Vavilov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum juliae (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum heterostychon (P.Beauv.)
• Hordeum mandshuricum (R.E.Regel)
• Hordeum vulgare var. subzeocrithon (Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yaros)
• Hordeum vulgare var. solitarum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. hadaka (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. urgaicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)
• Hordeum vulgare var. chalunicum (Vavilov & Orlov ex Lukyanova, Trofim., G.N.Gudkova, Terentyeva & Yarosh)

Distribution

• Palestine (native)
• Afghanistan (introduced)
• Alabama (introduced)
• Alaska (introduced)
• Albania (introduced)
• Alberta (introduced)
• Algeria (introduced)
• Amur (introduced)
• Argentina Northeast (introduced)
• Argentina Northwest (introduced)
• Argentina South (introduced)
• Arizona (introduced)
• Arkansas (introduced)
• Austria (introduced)
• Azores (introduced)
• Baleares (introduced)
• Baltic States (introduced)
• Bangladesh (introduced)
• Belarus (introduced)
• Belgium (introduced)
• Bolivia (introduced)
• Brazil South (introduced)
• British Columbia (introduced)
• Bulgaria (introduced)
• California (introduced)
• Canary Is. (introduced)
• Central European Rus (introduced)
• Chad (introduced)
• Chile Central (introduced)
• Chile North (introduced)
• China North-Central (introduced)
• China South-Central (introduced)
• China Southeast (introduced)
• Colombia (introduced)
• Colorado (introduced)
• Connecticut (introduced)
• Corse (introduced)
• Cuba (introduced)
• Cyprus (introduced)
• Czechoslovakia (introduced)
• Denmark (introduced)
• District of Columbia (introduced)
• Dominican Republic (introduced)
• East Aegean Is. (introduced)
• East European Russia (introduced)
• East Himalaya (introduced)
• Ecuador (introduced)
• Egypt (introduced)
• El Salvador (introduced)
• Ethiopia (introduced)
• Fiji (introduced)
• Finland (introduced)
• Florida (introduced)
• France (introduced)
• Germany (introduced)
• Great Britain (introduced)
• Greenland (introduced)
• Guatemala (introduced)
• Gulf of Guinea Is. (introduced)
• Gulf States (introduced)
• Haiti (introduced)
• Hawaii (introduced)
• Honduras (introduced)
• Hungary (introduced)
• Iceland (introduced)
• Idaho (introduced)
• Illinois (introduced)
• India (introduced)
• Indiana (introduced)
• Inner Mongolia (introduced)
• Iowa (introduced)
• Iran (introduced)
• Iraq (introduced)
• Italy (introduced)
• Japan (introduced)
• Jawa (introduced)
• Kamchatka (introduced)
• Kansas (introduced)
• Kazakhstan (introduced)
• Kentucky (introduced)
• Khabarovsk (introduced)
• Kirgizstan (introduced)
• Korea (introduced)
• Kriti (introduced)
• Krym (introduced)
• Kuwait (introduced)
• Lebanon-Syria (introduced)
• Libya (introduced)
• Louisiana (introduced)
• Madeira (introduced)
• Magadan (introduced)
• Maine (introduced)
• Manchuria (introduced)
• Manitoba (introduced)
• Maryland (introduced)
• Masachusettes (introduced)
• Mauritania (introduced)
• Mexico Central (introduced)
• Mexico Gulf (introduced)
• Mexico Northeast (introduced)
• Mexico Northwest (introduced)
• Mexico Southeast (introduced)
• Mexico Southwest (introduced)
• Michigan (introduced)
• Minnesota (introduced)
• Mississippi (introduced)
• Missouri (introduced)
• Mongolia (introduced)
• Montana (introduced)
• Morocco (introduced)
• Myanmar (introduced)
• Nansei-shoto (introduced)
• Nebraska (introduced)
• Nepal (introduced)
• Netherlands (introduced)
• Nevada (introduced)
• New Brunswick (introduced)
• New Caledonia (introduced)
• New Hampshire (introduced)
• New Mexico (introduced)
• New South Wales (introduced)
• New York (introduced)
• New Zealand North (introduced)
• New Zealand South (introduced)
• Niger (introduced)
• Nigeria (introduced)
• North Carolina (introduced)
• North Caucasus (introduced)
• North Dakota (introduced)
• North European Russi (introduced)
• Northwest European R (introduced)
• Northwest Territorie (introduced)
• Norway (introduced)
• Nova Scotia (introduced)
• Ohio (introduced)
• Oklahoma (introduced)
• Oman (introduced)
• Ontario (introduced)
• Oregon (introduced)
• Pakistan (introduced)
• Pennsylvania (introduced)
• Peru (introduced)
• Poland (introduced)
• Portugal (introduced)
• Primorye (introduced)
• Prince Edward I. (introduced)
• Qinghai (introduced)
• Queensland (introduced)
• Québec (introduced)
• Rhode I. (introduced)
• Romania (introduced)
• Rwanda (introduced)
• Sakhalin (introduced)
• Sardegna (introduced)
• Saskatchewan (introduced)
• Saudi Arabia (introduced)
• Sinai (introduced)
• South Australia (introduced)
• South Carolina (introduced)
• South Dakota (introduced)
• South European Russi (introduced)
• Spain (introduced)
• Sri Lanka (introduced)
• Sweden (introduced)
• Switzerland (introduced)
• Tadzhikistan (introduced)
• Taiwan (introduced)
• Tanzania (introduced)
• Tasmania (introduced)
• Tennessee (introduced)
• Texas (introduced)
• Tibet (introduced)
• Transcaucasus (introduced)
• Tunisia (introduced)
• Turkey (introduced)
• Turkey-in-Europe (introduced)
• Turkmenistan (introduced)
• Ukraine (introduced)
• Uruguay (introduced)
• Utah (introduced)
• Uzbekistan (introduced)
• Vermont (introduced)
• Victoria (introduced)
• Vietnam (introduced)
• Virginia (introduced)
• Washington (introduced)
• West Himalaya (introduced)
• Western Australia (introduced)
• Western Sahara (introduced)
• Windward Is. (introduced)
• Wisconsin (introduced)
• Wyoming (introduced)
• Xinjiang (introduced)
• Yemen (introduced)
• Yugoslavia (introduced)
• Yukon (introduced)

Additional Images

Fruit

Taken Apr 19, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 19, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 3, 2021 by Lyss Dor (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 20, 2022 by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 20, 2022 by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Jun 26, 2020 by Barry Cornelius (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 28, 2009 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 3, 2018 by Ricardo Aperador Rubio (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 13, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 10, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Habit

Taken Jun 12, 2022 by Serge FLEITH (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 23, 2022 by aire libre (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 25, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 10, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 13, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken May 13, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 10, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 2, 2021 by Lutz Levente (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 2, 2021 by Sander Liesel (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 25, 2017 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Apr 28, 2015 by Samuel Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 28, 2015 by Samuel Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 22, 2022 by Giacomo Usopiazza (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 4, 2019 by Irene Dellora Irene Dellora (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 30, 2021 by Alan Blaney (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Jan 1, 1970 by Photoflora – L’Abbé COSTE (©)

Taken May 23, 2020 by Jana M (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 3, 2016 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1800 by Tela Botanica − Daniel MATHIEU (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 22, 2021 by Martine (cc-by-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:405391-1)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2706056)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Hordeum vulgare L.)

Specifications

Growth form: Bunch

Growth habit: Graminoid

Growth rate: Rapid

Growth

Ph maximum: 8.5

Ph minimum: 5.0

Light: 8

Atmospheric humidity: 3

Soil nutriments: 7