Family: Poaceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 83 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Lolium
Vegetable: Unknown
Observations: Macaronesia, N. Africa, Temp. Eurasia
Description
Bearded darnel, scientifically known as Lolium temulentum, is a grass species that falls under the family Poaceae. Described by the renowned botanist Linnaeus, whose work was published in an iconic plant species documentation dating back to 1753, Lolium temulentum holds a significant historical and botanical interest.
Native to regions of Macaronesia, North Africa, and temperate Eurasia, bearded darnel is often found in a variety of climates where it thrives. Its distinctive characteristics and ecological adaptability have made it a species of interest not only to botanists and ecologists but also to agricultural researchers.
Historically, bearded darnel was notorious for its toxic properties when its grains were accidentally mixed with cereal crops, leading to various harmful effects upon consumption. This notoriety, coupled with its resemblance to wheat during early growth stages, has given it a somewhat infamous reputation among farmers.
Despite its challenges, the study of Lolium temulentum remains valuable for understanding the broader dynamics of weed management, evolutionary biology within the grass family, and its interactions with other crop species. Its resilience and adaptability also offer insights into plant survival strategies across diverse environmental conditions.
Common Names
Eng: bearded darnel, bearded ryegrass, darnel, darnel drake, darnel ryegrass, drake darnel, drunken darnel, poison darnel
Dan: giftig rajgræs
Deu: taumel-lolch, taumellolch
Nor: byg-skiak, byg-svimling, sjak, skeak, skiak, svimling
Nld: dolik
Swe: dårrepe, myrkkyraiheinä
Fra: ivraie enivrante, ivraie énivrante, ivraie, ivraie annuelle
Por: joio
Ces: jílek mámivý
Fin: myrkkyraiheinä
Nob: svimling
Nno: svimling
Ara: zawaan
Cym: afryn coliog, efrau, efre, efryn coliog, ŷd meddw
En: Bearded darnel, Bearded ryegrass, Drunken darnel, Poison darnel, Darnel, Darnel drake, Drake darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Drake
Ar: Zawaan
Ca: Jull
Cs: Jílek mámivý
Da: Giftig rajgræs
Nl: Dolik
Fi: Myrkkyraiheinä
Fr: Ivraie énivrante, Ivraie enivrante, Ivraie, Ivraie annuelle, Herbe à couteau, Ray-grass commun, Ray-grass anglais
De: Taumellolch, Taumel-Lolch, Taumel-Raygras
He: זון משכר
It: Loglio inebriante, Loglio ubriacante, Zizzania
No: Byg-skiak, Byg-svimling, Sjak, Skeak, Skiak, Svimling
Nb: Svimling
Nn: Svimling
Pt: Joio
Pt-br: Joio, Sizânia
Es: Cizaña común
Sv: Dårrepe, Myrkkyraiheinä
Cy: Afryn Coliog, Efrau, Efre, Efryn Coliog, Ŷd Meddw
Synonyms
- Lolium temulentum var. scabrum (Babey)
- Festuca temulenta ((L.) J.P.Sm. & Columbus)
- Lolium maximum (Willd.)
- Lolium gussonei (Nyman)
- Lolium arvense var. minus (Gaudin)
- Lolium robustum (Rchb.)
- Lolium temulentum subvar. robustum ((Rchb.) Asch. & Graebn.)
- Lolium temulentum f. muticum (Rech.f.)
- Lolium temulentum var. dissitum (Mutel)
- Lolium temulentum var. macrochaeton (A.Braun)
- Lolium album (Steud.)
- Lolium longiglume (St.-Lag.)
- Lolium temulentum subsp. speciosum ((Steven ex M.Bieb.) Arcang.)
- Lolium aegyptiacum (Bellardi ex Rouville)
- Lolium temulentum var. arvense ((With.) Lilj.)
- Lolium temulentum var. decipiens ((Dumort.) T.Durand)
- Lolium temulentum var. brevisetum (Bouvier)
- Lolium arvense var. majus (Fr.)
- Lolium temulentum var. aristatum (Stokes)
- Lolium speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.)
- Lolium temulentum var. agricolum (Neuman)
- Lolium speciosum var. scabrum (W.D.J.Koch)
- Lolium arvense var. liniforme (Dumort.)
- Lolium temulentum subsp. robustum ((Rchb.) Berher)
- Lolium temulentum subsp. arvense ((With.) Tzvelev)
- Lolium temulentum var. muticum (Retz.)
- Lolium temulentum var. album (Asch.)
- Lolium temulentum subsp. gussonei (Nyman)
- Lolium asperum (Roth ex Kunth)
- Lolium infelix (Rouville)
- Lolium decipiens (Dumort.)
- Loliola pratensis (Dubois)
- Lolium temulentum var. robustum ((Rchb.) Mutel)
- Lolium lucidum (Dumort.)
- Lolium temulentum var. semiglabrum (Litv.)
- Lolium temulentum var. laevigatum (Mutel)
- Lolium triticoides (Janka)
- Lolium arvense var. speciosum (Gaudin)
- Lolium temulentum var. submuticum (Stokes)
- Lolium temulentum f. macrochaeton ((A.Braun) Junge)
- Lolium temulentum subvar. speciosum ((Steven ex M.Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.)
- Lolium temulentum f. arvense ((With.) Junge)
- Lolium giganteum (Roem. & Schult.)
- Lolium temulentum f. leve (Pamp.)
- Lolium temulentum var. leptochaeton (A.Braun)
- Lolium temulentum subsp. gracile (Dumort.)
- Lolium pseudolinicola (Gennari)
- Lolium cuneatum (Nevski)
- Lolium arvense var. minor (Desm.)
- Bromus temulentus (Bernh.)
- Lolium arvense var. geniculatum (Dumort.)
- Lolium arvense var. muticum (Pauquy)
- Lolium temulentum var. maximum ((Willd.) Steud. & Hochst.)
- Lolium temulentum var. laeve (Peterm.)
- Lolium arvense var. major (Hagenb.)
- Lolium temulentum var. robustissimum (Mutel)
- Lolium temulentum f. robustum ((Rchb.) Neuman)
- Lolium remotum subvar. asperum (Asch.)
- Craepalia temulenta ((L.) Schrank)
- Lolium remotum f. asperum (Anghel & Beldie)
- Lolium temulentum subsp. cuneatum ((Nevski) Tzvelev)
- Lolium temulentum f. speciosum ((Steven ex. M.Bieb.) Neuman)
- Lolium arvense (With.)
- Lolium temulentum var. subbivalve (St.-Amans)
- Lolium arvense var. hostii (Dumort.)
- Lolium berteronianum (Steud.)
- Lolium temulentum var. longisetum (Bouvier)
- Lolium annuum (Lam.)
- Lolium temulentum var. speciosum ((Steven ex M.Bieb.) Griseb.)
Distribution
- Afghanistan (native)
- Albania (native)
- Algeria (native)
- Austria (native)
- Azores (native)
- Baleares (native)
- Baltic States (native)
- Belarus (native)
- Bulgaria (native)
- Canary Is. (native)
- Central European Rus (native)
- China North-Central (native)
- China Southeast (native)
- Corse (native)
- Cyprus (native)
- Czechoslovakia (native)
- East Aegean Is. (native)
- East European Russia (native)
- Egypt (native)
- France (native)
- Greece (native)
- Gulf States (native)
- Hungary (native)
- India (native)
- Iran (native)
- Iraq (native)
- Italy (native)
- Kazakhstan (native)
- Kirgizstan (native)
- Korea (native)
- Krasnoyarsk (native)
- Kriti (native)
- Krym (native)
- Kuwait (native)
- Lebanon-Syria (native)
- Libya (native)
- Madeira (native)
- Manchuria (native)
- Morocco (native)
- North Caucasus (native)
- North European Russi (native)
- Northwest European R (native)
- Oman (native)
- Pakistan (native)
- Palestine (native)
- Poland (native)
- Portugal (native)
- Qinghai (native)
- Romania (native)
- Sardegna (native)
- Saudi Arabia (native)
- Selvagens (native)
- Sicilia (native)
- Spain (native)
- Sri Lanka (native)
- Tadzhikistan (native)
- Tibet (native)
- Transcaucasus (native)
- Tunisia (native)
- Turkey (native)
- Turkey-in-Europe (native)
- Turkmenistan (native)
- Tuva (native)
- Ukraine (native)
- Uzbekistan (native)
- West Himalaya (native)
- Xinjiang (native)
- Yemen (native)
- Yugoslavia (native)
- Alabama (introduced)
- Alaska (introduced)
- Alberta (introduced)
- Argentina Northeast (introduced)
- Argentina Northwest (introduced)
- Argentina South (introduced)
- Arizona (introduced)
- Arkansas (introduced)
- Bangladesh (introduced)
- Bolivia (introduced)
- Brazil South (introduced)
- Brazil Southeast (introduced)
- British Columbia (introduced)
- California (introduced)
- Cape Provinces (introduced)
- Chile Central (introduced)
- Chile South (introduced)
- Colombia (introduced)
- Connecticut (introduced)
- Cuba (introduced)
- Delaware (introduced)
- East Himalaya (introduced)
- Ecuador (introduced)
- Eritrea (introduced)
- Ethiopia (introduced)
- Finland (introduced)
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- Free State (introduced)
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- Germany (introduced)
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- Idaho (introduced)
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- Iowa (introduced)
- Ireland (introduced)
- Japan (introduced)
- Jawa (introduced)
- Kansas (introduced)
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- Kenya (introduced)
- Kuril Is. (introduced)
- KwaZulu-Natal (introduced)
- Lesotho (introduced)
- Louisiana (introduced)
- Maine (introduced)
- Manitoba (introduced)
- Maryland (introduced)
- Masachusettes (introduced)
- Mauritius (introduced)
- Mexico Central (introduced)
- Mexico Gulf (introduced)
- Mexico Northeast (introduced)
- Mexico Northwest (introduced)
- Mexico Southwest (introduced)
- Michigan (introduced)
- Minnesota (introduced)
- Mississippi (introduced)
- Missouri (introduced)
- Montana (introduced)
- Nepal (introduced)
- New Brunswick (introduced)
- New Caledonia (introduced)
- New Jersey (introduced)
- New Mexico (introduced)
- New South Wales (introduced)
- New York (introduced)
- New Zealand North (introduced)
- New Zealand South (introduced)
- Newfoundland (introduced)
- North Carolina (introduced)
- North Dakota (introduced)
- Northern Provinces (introduced)
- Norway (introduced)
- Ohio (introduced)
- Oklahoma (introduced)
- Ontario (introduced)
- Oregon (introduced)
- Panamá (introduced)
- Pennsylvania (introduced)
- Peru (introduced)
- Philippines (introduced)
- Primorye (introduced)
- Queensland (introduced)
- Québec (introduced)
- Rhode I. (introduced)
- Réunion (introduced)
- Sakhalin (introduced)
- Saskatchewan (introduced)
- Socotra (introduced)
- South Australia (introduced)
- South Carolina (introduced)
- South Dakota (introduced)
- South Georgia (introduced)
- Switzerland (introduced)
- Tanzania (introduced)
- Tasmania (introduced)
- Tennessee (introduced)
- Texas (introduced)
- Uruguay (introduced)
- Venezuela (introduced)
- Vermont (introduced)
- Victoria (introduced)
- Virginia (introduced)
- Washington (introduced)
- West Virginia (introduced)
- Western Australia (introduced)
- Wyoming (introduced)
- Yukon (introduced)
- Zimbabwe (introduced)
Additional Images
Fruit
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Habit
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 18, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Feb 19, 2022 by Beate Liebold (cc-by-sa)
Flower
Taken Aug 15, 2003 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)
Taken Aug 15, 2017 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)
Taken Aug 15, 2017 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)
Taken Aug 15, 2017 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)
Other
Taken Apr 15, 2017 by Photoflora – Benoit BOCK (©)
Taken Jun 30, 1853 by Tela Botanica − Herbier PONTARLIER-MARICHAL (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 31, 1874 by Tela Botanica − Herbier PONTARLIER-MARICHAL (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 1, 1970 by Photoflora – L’Abbé COSTE (©)
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407516-1)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2706242)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Lolium temulentum L.)
Specifications
Growth
