Bine (Humulus lupulus, Sp. Pl.: 1028 (1753))

Family: Cannabaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 1028 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Humulus

Vegetable: False

Observations: Europe to Siberia and N. Iran, Morocco

Description

Bine, scientifically known as Humulus lupulus, is a robust perennial plant endemic to a large geographical range extending from Europe to Siberia and Northern Iran, and further into Morocco. This versatile plant belongs to the Cannabaceae family and was formally documented by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus in the seminal work “Species Plantarum” published in 1753.

Characterized by its vigorous climbing habit, the bine is distinguished by its ability to ascend through spiral twining stems. This natural trait makes it particularly suited for growth over large distances, often intertwining with trees and other structures in its quest for sunlight. The plant’s stems are equipped with rough hairs that provide additional anchoring capabilities as it climbs.

The foliage of Humulus lupulus is marked by palmate leaves, typically composed of 3-5 lobes, which exhibit a rich green coloration. These leaves are not only visually appealing but also functional, capturing sunlight efficiently for photosynthesis. During the flowering season, the plant produces cones, commonly referred to as strobiles, which contain the prized lupulin glands. These glands secrete a yellowish, powdery substance rich in essential oils and resins.

The bine’s cones have gained significant prominence in various industries, particularly brewing. The lupulin within these cones is harnessed for its bittering, flavoring, and aromatic properties, making it an indispensable ingredient in the production of beer. Beyond its utility in brewing, the plant has also been explored for its potential medicinal properties, including its mild sedative effects.

In its natural habitat, Humulus lupulus thrives in temperate climates, often found in well-drained soils along riverbanks, woodland edges, and hedgerows. The plant’s resilience allows it to adapt to a variety of environments, making it an enduring presence across its distribution range.

In summary, Humulus lupulus, or bine, is a historically and economically significant plant that continues to be valued for its diverse applications. Its broad geographic distribution and adaptability underscore its importance in natural and agricultural landscapes.

Common Names

Dan: almindelig humle, humle, gall-humle, vild humle
Eng: bine, common hop, common hops, hop, hops
Deu: gewöhnlicher hopfen, hopfen
Swe: gall-humle, humala, humle
Nld: hop
Fra: houblon, houblon commun
Fin: humala
Nor: humle, vand-humle, vild humle
Nno: humle
Nob: humle
Ell: lykiskos
Spa: lúpulo
Por: lúpulo, vinha-do-norte
Sme: hombil
Cym: hopys, hopysen, llewyg y blaidd, pensag, pensoeg
En: Bine, Hop, Common hop, HOPS, Common hops, Echdr Hopfa, European Hop, Hop-vine
Af: Hop, Hops
Ar: جنجل شائع
Hy: Գայլուկ սովորական
Az: Adi mayasarmaşığı
Eu: Lupulu
Be: Хмель звычайны
Bs: Hmelj
Bg: Обикновен хмел
Ca: Esparga, Herba cervesera, Llúpol
Zh: Pi jiu hua, 蛇麻
Kw: Hopys
Hr: Hmelj
Cs: Chmel otáčivý
Da: Humle, Almindelig Humle, Gall-humle, Vild humle
Nl: Hop
Eo: Lupolo
Et: Harilik humal
Fi: Humala, Salkohumala
Fr: Houblon, Houblon commun, Houblon grimpant, Couleuvrée, Vigne du Nord
Gl: Lúpulo
Ka: Სვია
De: Hopfen, Echter Hopfen, Gewöhnlicher Hopfen, Bruchhopfen, Heckenhopfen
El: Lykiskos
He: כשותנית
Hi: साधारण राज़क
Hu: Közönséges komló
Is: Humall
Ga: Hopa
It: Luppolo comune, Luppolo
Jv: Hop
Kk: Qulmaq, Құлмақ, قۇلماق
Ko: 홉
Lv: Apinis
Lt: Paprastasis apynys
Mk: Хмељ
Se: Hombil
No: Humle, Vand-humle, Vild humle
Nb: Humle
Nn: Humle
Ps: چندرۍ
Fa: رازک
Pl: Chmiel, Chmiel zwyczajny
Pt: Lúpulo, Engatadeira, Lúpulo-trepador, Pé-de-galo(1), Vinha-do-norte
Pt-br: Lúpulo
Qu: Lupulu
Ro: Hamei
Ru: Хмель обыкновенный
Sr: Hmelj
Sk: Chmeľ obyčajný
Es: Lúpulo, Espárragos de Zarsa, Navadni hmelj
Sv: Humle, Gall-humle, Humala
Zh-tw: 蛇麻
Tt: Гади колмак
Zh-hant: 蛇麻
Tr: Şerbetçi otu
Uk: Хміль звичайний
Vi: Hoa bia
Wa: Houbion
Cy: Hopys, Hopysen, Llewyg y Blaidd, Pensag, Pensoeg

Synonyms

• Humulus lupulus var. acrocarpus (Alef.)
• Humulus lupulus var. silvestris (Alef.)
• Humulus lupulus var. spaltensis (Alef.)
• Humulus lupulus var. effusus (Alef.)
• Lupulus scandens (Lam.)
• Lupulus humulus (Mill.)
• Humulus lupulus var. fengxianensis (J.Q.Fu)
• Humulus volubilis (Salisb.)
• Humulus vulgaris (Gilib.)
• Lupulus amarus (Gilib.)
• Waldensia lupulina (Lavy)
• Lupulus communis (Gaertn.)

Distribution

• Albania (native)
• Altay (native)
• Austria (native)
• Baltic States (native)
• Belarus (native)
• Belgium (native)
• Bulgaria (native)
• Buryatiya (native)
• Central European Rus (native)
• Chita (native)
• Corse (native)
• Czechoslovakia (native)
• Denmark (native)
• East European Russia (native)
• Finland (native)
• France (native)
• Germany (native)
• Great Britain (native)
• Greece (native)
• Hungary (native)
• Iran (native)
• Irkutsk (native)
• Italy (native)
• Kazakhstan (native)
• Krasnoyarsk (native)
• Krym (native)
• Morocco (native)
• Netherlands (native)
• North Caucasus (native)
• North European Russi (native)
• Northwest European R (native)
• Norway (native)
• Poland (native)
• Portugal (native)
• Romania (native)
• Sardegna (native)
• Sicilia (native)
• South European Russi (native)
• Spain (native)
• Sweden (native)
• Switzerland (native)
• Transcaucasus (native)
• Turkey (native)
• Turkey-in-Europe (native)
• Ukraine (native)
• West Siberia (native)
• Yugoslavia (native)
• Afghanistan (introduced)
• Alabama (introduced)
• Amur (introduced)
• Argentina South (introduced)
• California (introduced)
• Connecticut (introduced)
• Delaware (introduced)
• Idaho (introduced)
• Illinois (introduced)
• Indiana (introduced)
• Inner Mongolia (introduced)
• Ireland (introduced)
• Kirgizstan (introduced)
• Korea (introduced)
• Maine (introduced)
• Manitoba (introduced)
• Maryland (introduced)
• Masachusettes (introduced)
• Michigan (introduced)
• Missouri (introduced)
• Nevada (introduced)
• New Brunswick (introduced)
• New Hampshire (introduced)
• New Jersey (introduced)
• New South Wales (introduced)
• New York (introduced)
• New Zealand North (introduced)
• New Zealand South (introduced)
• Newfoundland (introduced)
• Nova Scotia (introduced)
• Ohio (introduced)
• Ontario (introduced)
• Oregon (introduced)
• Pennsylvania (introduced)
• Primorye (introduced)
• Prince Edward I. (introduced)
• Queensland (introduced)
• Québec (introduced)
• Rhode I. (introduced)
• Sakhalin (introduced)
• South Australia (introduced)
• Tasmania (introduced)
• Uzbekistan (introduced)
• Vermont (introduced)
• Victoria (introduced)
• Virginia (introduced)
• Washington (introduced)
• West Virginia (introduced)
• Wisconsin (introduced)
• Xinjiang (introduced)

Additional Images

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Habit

Taken Sep 15, 2021 by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 29, 2019 by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 15, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 20, 2021 by Dieter Wagner (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 12, 2021 by Amélie Trocherie (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Nov 23, 2019 by dori dori (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 25, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 12, 2021 by Amélie Trocherie (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 21, 2021 by Marian Cortés (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 25, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Dec 14, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 15, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 9, 2020 by Agnes Haver (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 12, 2021 by Amélie Trocherie (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 10, 2017 by Jordan Galli (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Sep 8, 2018 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 30, 2018 by Lili A (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 20, 2021 by Dieter Wagner (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 20, 2021 by Dieter Wagner (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 8, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Sep 1, 2019 by philippe maye (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 21, 2021 by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 7, 2021 by cscoq (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 20, 2022 by Gaël Covain (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 7, 2021 by F H (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Sep 5, 2022 by vénus liguet (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 29, 2019 by Mariska . (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 22, 2022 by Nathalie Potel (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 15, 2021 by Irmgard Groß (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 19, 2022 by Stéphane Adamowicz (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2984535)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:303502-2)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Humulus lupulus L.)

Specifications

Growth habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Growth

Ph maximum: 7.5

Ph minimum: 7.0

Light: 5

Atmospheric humidity: 8

Bloom months: [‘jun’, ‘jul’, ‘aug’, ‘sep’]

Soil nutriments: 7