Carpathian walnut (Juglans regia, Sp. Pl.: 997 (1753))

Family: Juglandaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 997 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Juglans

Vegetable: False

Observations: NE. & E. Türkiye to Lebanon and W. Himalaya

Description

The Carpathian walnut, scientifically known as Juglans regia, is a remarkable species within the Juglandaceae family. This tree, bearing a legacy traced back to 1753 through the authoritative documentation by L., thrives in a diverse range of climates and landscapes, spanning from the northeastern and eastern regions of Turkey to Lebanon, and extending to the western Himalayas.

Renowned for its robust and resilient characteristics, the Carpathian walnut powerfully symbolizes the rich botanical diversity of these regions. This deciduous tree can reach impressive heights, showcasing broad, spreading canopies adorned with pinnate leaves that turn vibrant shades in autumn. The large, edible nuts it produces are encased in a thick, green husk, which splits open upon maturation to reveal the hard, corrugated shell within.

The widespread presence of Juglans regia in these varied locales underscores its adaptability and ecological significance. Not only does it contribute to the natural landscape, but it also holds substantial economic value owing to its nuts, which are harvested for their rich nutritional content. Moreover, its timber is highly prized in woodworking and furniture making for its strength and exquisite grain patterns.

Historically, the Carpathian walnut has been a staple in traditional agricultural practices and has been incorporated into myriad culinary traditions. Its cultivation across different territories highlights its pivotal role in both ecological and cultural contexts, making the Carpathian walnut a tree of considerable importance and enduring legacy.

Common Names

Dan: almindelig valnød, valnød
Eng: carpathian walnut, english walnut, madeira walnut, persian walnut, walnut, common-walnut, walnut-tree, common walnut
Deu: echte walnuss, echte walnuß, nussbaum, walnuss, walnussbaum
Fra: noyer, noyer commun, noyer commun, noyer royal
Nld: okkernoot
Pol: orzech włoski
Por: english-walnut, nogueira, nogueira-comum, nogueira-europeia, persian-walnut
Spa: nogal común, nogal europeo, nogal inglés
Ces: ořešák královský
Swe: valnöt, valnötsträd, äkta valnöt
Nob: valnøtt
Nno: valnøtt
Cym: cneuen ffrengig, coeden cnau ffrengig, collen ffrengig
En: Carpathian walnut, Persian walnut, Madeira walnut, English walnut, Walnut, Common walnut, Noiâr, Common-walnut, Walnut-tree, Black Walnut
Af: Okkerneut
Sq: Arra
Ar: جوز شائع
Hy: Ընկուզենի սովորական
Az: Yunan qozu
Eu: Intxaurrondo arrunt
Be: Арэх грэцкі, Валоскі арэх
Bn: আখরোট
Bs: Orah
Br: Gwez-kraoñ
Bg: Обикновен орех
Ca: Noguer comú, Anouer, Noguer
Zh: Hu tao, 核桃
Hr: Orah, Orasi
Cs: Ořešák královský
Da: Almindelig Valnød, Valnød
Nl: Okkernoot
Eo: Reĝa juglando
Et: Kreeka pähklipuu
Fi: Saksanjalopähkinä, Saksanpähkinä
Fr: Noyer commun, Noyer royal, Calottier, Noyer, Noyer commun, noyer royal, Écalonnier, Gojeutier
Gl: Nogueira común
Ka: Კაკალი
De: Echte Walnuß, Echte Walnuss, Walnussbaum, Nussbaum, Walnuss, Nußbaum, Walnußbaum
El: Καρυδιά
Gu: અખરોટ
He: אגוז מלך
Hi: अख़रोट
Hu: Közönséges dió
Is: Valhneta
Io: Nuco
It: Noce comune
Kk: Грек жаңғағы
Ky: Жаңгак
Ko: 호두나무
Ku: Gûz
Lv: Īstais riekstkoks
Li: Boumnoot
Lt: Graikinis riešutmedis
Lb: Zame Nëssert
Mk: Орев
Ml: അക്രോട്ട്
Gv: Galchro
Nv: Haʼałtsédii
Ne: ओखर
No: Vlanøtt, Valnøtt
Nb: Valnøtt
Nn: Valnøtt
Or: ଅଖରୋଟ
Os: Æнгуз
Pa: ਅਖ਼ਰੋਟ
Fa: گردوی ایرانی
Pl: Orzech włoski
Pt: Nogueira-comum, Nogueira, Nogueira-européia, English-walnut, Nogueira-europeia, Persian-walnut
Pt-br: Nogueira-européia, Nogueira-comum
Qu: Tuqti
Ro: Nuc
Ru: Oreh greckij, Орех грецкий
Sc: Nughe
Sr: Орах
Sd: اخروٽ
Sk: Orech vlašský, Orech, Orech kráľovský
Es: Nogal común, Nogal europeo, Nogal inglés, Nogal, Navadni oreh
Sv: Valnöt, Valnötsträd, Äkta valnöt
Tl: Nogales
Zh-tw: 核桃
Ta: அக்ரூட்
Tt: Әстерхан чикләвеге
Th: วอลนัต
Tr: Adi ceviz
Uk: Горіх волоський
Ur: اخروٹ
Uz: Yongʻoq
Wa: Djaeyî
Cy: Coeden cnau Ffrengig, Cneuen Ffrengig, Collen Ffrengig

Synonyms

• Juglans salicifolia (Dippel)
• Juglans regia var. maxima (Risso)
• Juglans regia var. angulosa (A.Vilm.)
• Juglans regia var. oblonga (Risso)
• Juglans regia f. fruticosa (Dippel)
• Juglans regia f. pendula ((Pépin) C.K.Schneid.)
• Juglans filicifolia (Lodd. ex Loudon)
• Juglans duclouxiana (Dode)
• Juglans regia laciniata (Jacques)
• Juglans praematuriens (Poitier ex Pépin)
• Juglans regia var. laciniata ((Jacques) C.DC.)
• Juglans laciniata ((Jacques) Dochnahl)
• Juglans regia var. filicifolia (K.Koch)
• Juglans regia heterophylla (Jacques)
• Juglans regia var. kamaonia (C.DC.)
• Juglans longirostris (Carrière)
• Regia maxima (Loudon ex C.DC.)
• Juglans regia var. tenuifolia (Risso)
• Juglans fruticosa (Dippel)
• Juglans regia f. monophylla ((Dochnahl) C.K.Schneid.)
• Juglans fallax (Dode)
• Juglans regia var. beloudschistana (DC.)
• Juglans pendula ((Pépin) Dochnahl)
• Juglans sinensis ((C.DC.) Dode)
• Juglans regia var. fragilis (Risso)
• Juglans regia var. racemosa (A.Vilm.)
• Juglans regia var. depressa (Risso)
• Juglans arguta (Wall. ex C.DC.)
• Juglans regia var. serotina (Risso)
• Juglans regia f. praematuriens ((Poitier ex Pépin) Rehder)
• Juglans regia var. tenuissima (Risso)
• Juglans quercifolia (N.Pierce)
• Juglans regia f. laciniata ((Jacques) C.K.Schneid.)
• Juglans dissecta (Dippel)
• Juglans heterophylla (Loudon)
• Juglans asplenifolia (Dippel)
• Juglans regia asplenifolia (K.Koch)
• Juglans regia f. heterophylla ((Jacques) C.K.Schneid.)
• Juglans regia subsp. fallax ((Dode) Popov)
• Juglans regia var. longifolia (Risso)
• Juglans kamaonia ((C.DC.) Dode)
• Juglans regia var. monophylla ((Dochnahl) C.DC.)
• Juglans frutescens (Dippel)
• Juglans regia subsp. turcomanica (Popov)
• Juglans regia subsp. sinensis ((C.DC.) Ohle)
• Juglans fertilis (Dippel)
• Juglans orientis (Dode)
• Juglans regia pendula (Pépin)
• Juglans regia var. sinensis (C.DC.)
• Juglans monophylla (Dochnahl)

Distribution

• Afghanistan (native)
• Iran (native)
• Iraq (native)
• Lebanon-Syria (native)
• North Caucasus (native)
• Pakistan (native)
• Poland (native)
• Transcaucasus (native)
• Turkey (native)
• West Himalaya (native)
• Albania (introduced)
• Algeria (introduced)
• Assam (introduced)
• Austria (introduced)
• Belgium (introduced)
• Bulgaria (introduced)
• Canary Is. (introduced)
• China North-Central (introduced)
• China South-Central (introduced)
• China Southeast (introduced)
• Corse (introduced)
• Cyprus (introduced)
• Denmark (introduced)
• East Aegean Is. (introduced)
• East Himalaya (introduced)
• France (introduced)
• Great Britain (introduced)
• Greece (introduced)
• Hungary (introduced)
• Inner Mongolia (introduced)
• Italy (introduced)
• Kazakhstan (introduced)
• Kirgizstan (introduced)
• Korea (introduced)
• Kriti (introduced)
• Krym (introduced)
• Laos (introduced)
• Libya (introduced)
• Madeira (introduced)
• Mexico Southwest (introduced)
• Morocco (introduced)
• Nepal (introduced)
• Norway (introduced)
• Oman (introduced)
• Portugal (introduced)
• Romania (introduced)
• Sardegna (introduced)
• Sicilia (introduced)
• South European Russi (introduced)
• Spain (introduced)
• Switzerland (introduced)
• Tadzhikistan (introduced)
• Tibet (introduced)
• Tunisia (introduced)
• Turkey-in-Europe (introduced)
• Turkmenistan (introduced)
• Ukraine (introduced)
• Uzbekistan (introduced)
• Vietnam (introduced)
• Yugoslavia (introduced)

Additional Images

Habit

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 3, 2021 by Burnand Sebastien (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 27, 2022 by stella.gasparus (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 20, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Aug 7, 2019 by Jiří Vilím (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 20, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by Jérémy Driessen (cc-by-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Leaf

Taken May 20, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by Sabrina Arfelli (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by Jérémy Driessen (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Aug 31, 2021 by Annemarie Ahrens-Stehle (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 11, 2018 by Helmut Seidler (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 11, 2015 by Joan Mercader (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by Sabrina Arfelli (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by Jérémy Driessen (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Jun 3, 2021 by José Teso (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 19, 2021 by Barry Mcclelland (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 3, 2020 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 13, 2019 by nhfc (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Jun 2, 2021 by Jordi Liebanes Moya (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 20, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 20, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 20, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 21, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Hervé Goëau (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/3054368)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:442427-1)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Juglans regia L.)

Specifications

Growth form: Single Stem

Growth habit: Tree

Growth rate: Rapid

Growth

Ph maximum: 7.5

Ph minimum: 6.0

Light: 8

Atmospheric humidity: 5

Bloom months: [‘apr’, ‘may’]

Soil nutriments: 6