Cluster pine (Pinus pinaster, Hort. Kew. 3: 367 (1789))

Family: Pinaceae

Author: Aiton

Bibliography: Hort. Kew. 3: 367 (1789)

Year: 1789

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Pinus

Vegetable: False

Observations: W. & C. Medit.

Description

The Cluster Pine, scientifically known as Pinus pinaster, is a remarkable member of the Pinaceae family. First documented by Aiton in 1789 under the reference Hort. Kew. 3: 367, this resilient species has proven to be a significant component of the Western and Central Mediterranean ecosystems.

Pinus pinaster is distinguished by its robust and towering growth, often reaching impressive heights that create a distinctive presence in its natural habitat. The tree is known for its thick, fissured bark and long, slender needles that grow in pairs, lending it a striking appearance. The cones are large and woody, serving as critical reproductive structures that ensure the tree’s propagation.

This species thrives in a variety of soil types and is particularly well adapted to the Mediterranean climate, characterized by dry summers and mild, wet winters. Its ability to endure harsh environmental conditions, including strong winds and poor soils, makes it a pioneer species in ecological succession, often one of the first to colonize disturbed areas.

Historically, the Cluster Pine has played a pivotal role in forestry and agriculture, providing valuable timber and resin. The wood of Pinus pinaster is used extensively in construction, furniture making, and paper production due to its durability and workability. Additionally, the resin extracted from the tree has numerous industrial applications, including the production of turpentine and rosin.

Beyond its economic importance, the Cluster Pine contributes significantly to the ecological landscape. It provides habitat and food for various wildlife species, thus maintaining biodiversity. Its extensive root system helps in soil stabilization, preventing erosion and promoting soil health in its native regions.

The broad adaptability and resilience of Pinus pinaster underscore its importance both ecologically and economically. It remains a subject of ongoing study and appreciation within the fields of botany and environmental science, symbolizing the intricate balance between natural beauty and utility.

Common Names

Deu: igelföhre, igelkiefer, meerkiefer, seeföhre, seekiefer, seestrand-kiefer, sternkiefer, strand-kiefer, strandkiefer
Eng: maritime pine, cluster pine, pinaster pine, atlantic maritime pine
Hun: parti fenyo
Ita: pinastro, pino da fastelli, pino marittimo
Nor: strandfuru
Nld: zeeden
Fra: pin des landes, pin maritime, pin-maritime, pinastre
Por: pinheiro-bravo, pinheiro-marítimo
Spa: pinheiro-bravo, pino gallego, pino marítimo, pino resinero, pino-maritimo
Swe: terpentintall
Afr: trosden
Rus: сосна приморская (sosna primorskaya)
Zho: 海岸松 (hai an song)
Cym: pinwydd arfor, pinwydden arfor
En: Cluster pine, Maritime pine, Pinaster pine, Atlantic Maritime Pine, Boornemouth Pine, Seaside Pine
Af: Trosden
Ar: صنوبر بحري
Az: Dəniz şamı
Eu: Itsas pinu
Be: Прыморская хвоя
Bg: Приморски бор
Ca: Pinastre, Pi marítim
Zh: Hai an song, 海岸松, 海岸松 (hai an song)
Hr: Primorski bor
Cs: Borovice přímořská
Da: Strand-Fyr
Nl: Zeeden
Eo: Pinastro
Et: Merimänd
Fi: Rannikkomänty
Fr: Pin des landes, Pin maritime, Pinastre, Pin-maritime, Pin de Corte, Pin mésogéen
Gl: Piñeiro bravo
De: Strandkiefer, See-Kiefer, Igelföhre, Igelkiefer, Meerkiefer, Seeföhre, Seekiefer, Seestrand-Kiefer, Sternkiefer, Strand-Kiefer
Hu: Tengerparti fenyő, Parti fenyo
Is: Strandfura
It: Pino marittimo, Pinastro, Pino da fastelli
Kv: Саридз пожум
Lb: Korsesch Kifer
Mk: Приморски бор
No: Strandfuru
Fa: کاج خوشه‌ای
Pl: Sosna nadmorska
Pt: Pinheiro-bravo, Pinheiro-marítimo
Ro: Pin maritim
Ru: Сосна приморская, Сосна приморская (sosna primorskaya)
Es: Obmorski bor, Pino Gallego, Pino Resinero, Pinheiro-bravo, Pino marítimo, Pino-maritimo, Pino maritimo, Pino negral, Pino rodeno
Sv: Terpentintall
Zh-tw: 海岸松
Zh-hant: 海岸松
Tr: Sahil çamı
Wa: Sapén d’ mer
Cy: Pinwydden arfor, Pinwydd Arfor

Synonyms

• Pinus glomerata (Salisb.)
• Pinus maritima var. alterna (Dum.Cours.)
• Pinus pinaster subsp. atlantica (Villar)

Distribution

• Algeria (native)
• Baleares (native)
• Corse (native)
• France (native)
• Italy (native)
• Morocco (native)
• Portugal (native)
• Sardegna (native)
• Sicilia (native)
• Spain (native)
• Tunisia (native)
• Albania (introduced)
• Belgium (introduced)
• Canary Is. (introduced)
• Great Britain (introduced)
• Greece (introduced)
• Ireland (introduced)
• Madeira (introduced)
• New South Wales (introduced)
• Réunion (introduced)
• St.Helena (introduced)
• Tasmania (introduced)
• Tristan da Cunha (introduced)
• Turkey (introduced)
• Turkey-in-Europe (introduced)
• Victoria (introduced)
• Western Australia (introduced)
• Yugoslavia (introduced)

Additional Images

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Habit

Taken Feb 8, 2022 by christophe cherpit (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 25, 2021 by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 16, 2021 by jp behr (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 15, 2022 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 25, 2021 by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Jan 1, 1800 by Tela Botanica − Thierry Pernot (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 29, 2021 by Eberhard Graf (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 3, 2022 by Jorge Fonseca (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 3, 2022 by Jorge Fonseca (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 13, 2018 by Marcos Rivas Campoamor (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Apr 16, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Liliane Roubaudi (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 6, 2020 by Jon Ander Laga (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 15, 2022 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 16, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Liliane Roubaudi (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 16, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Liliane Roubaudi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Dec 1, 2019 by alexia sermeth (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 2, 2022 by Martinez Alvaro (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 6, 2020 by Jon Ander Laga (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 12, 2018 by Jorge Parra (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 25, 2021 by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Oct 5, 2019 by jano (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 25, 2021 by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 19, 2020 by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 3, 2022 by Jorge Fonseca (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Oct 1, 2015 by Tela Botanica − laurent kohnen (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 15, 2019 by agal (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 20, 2020 by Ralf Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 3, 2019 by Sarami (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 20, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5285565)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263216-1)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Pinus pinaster Aiton)

Specifications

Growth habit: Tree

Growth

Ph maximum: 5.5

Ph minimum: 5.0

Light: 8

Atmospheric humidity: 4

Soil nutriments: 3

Soil salinity: 1