Colbaga (Brassica rapa, Sp. Pl.: 666 (1753))

Family: Brassicaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 666 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Brassica

Vegetable: True

Observations: C. & E. Medit. to Iran and Arabian Pen., NE. Trop. Africa

Description

Colbaga, a member of the Brassicaceae family, is scientifically known as Brassica rapa. Described by the renowned taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in his publication “Species Plantarum” in 1753, this versatile plant has a broad distribution spanning from the central and eastern Mediterranean regions to Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, and even extending into northeastern tropical Africa.

Brassica rapa is an incredibly diverse species, manifesting in various forms that are cultivated for different purposes, including leafy greens, roots, and seeds. Historical cultivation and naturalization have adapted this plant to thrive in a range of climates and soil types, showcasing its adaptability and resilience.

Traditionally, Colbaga has been utilized for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Different parts of the plant, such as the leaves and roots, are rich in vitamins and minerals, contributing significantly to the diet in many cultures. Medicinally, it has been employed in various remedies, capitalizing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

The plant’s presence across an extensive geographical range is a testament to its ecological versatility and importance in both agriculture and local ecosystems. In addition to its nutritional value, Colbaga also plays a role in supporting pollinators and maintaining soil health, underscoring its ecological significance.

In conclusion, Brassica rapa, known as Colbaga, is a plant of immense agricultural and ecological value, historically rooted in diverse cultures and sustaining various communities across its wide distribution.

Common Names

Dan: ager-kål
Eng: bird’s rape, birdsrape mustard, colbaga, field mustard, rape, rape mustard, turnip, turnip rape, tyfon, wild mustard, wild rutabaga, wild turnip, bargeman’s cabbage
Fra: navet potager, rave, navet, navette, navette dété, moutarde des oiseaux, chou-rave, navette d’été
Deu: rübsen, stoppelrübe
Nob: bondekål
Nno: bondekål
Por: couve-nabeira, falso-nabo, mostarda
Ces: kapusta polná
Fin: nauris, turnipsi
Swe: nauris, turnipsi, rova, rova/rybs/åkerkål
Nld: raapzaad
En: Colbaga, Turnip, Tyfon, Field mustard, Bok choy, Celery cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, Napa (nappa) cabbage, Pak choi, Rape, RAPE MUSTARD, Turnip rape, Yellow field mustard, Common mustard, Wild turnip, КлампI, Bird’s rape, Birdsrape mustard, Wild mustard, Wild rutabaga, Bargeman’s Cabbage, Mustard Spinach, Brown sarson, Canola, Colza, Seventop turnip, Turnip mustard
Ar: كانولا
Hy: Շաղգամ
Az: Şalğam-turp
Eu: Arbi biribil
Be: Рэпа
Bg: Ряпа
Ca: Nap
Zh: Man jing, 芜青, 蕪菁
Cv: Çарăк
Hr: Poljska vrzina
Cs: Brukev řepák, Kapusta polná
Da: Majroen, Ager-kål
Nl: Raapzaad, Wirre Raap
Et: Hiina kapsas
Fi: Peltokaali, Satokaali, Nauris, turnipsi
Fr: Navet, Navette, Chou champêtre, Chou-rave, Moutarde d’Allemagne, Moutarde des champs, Moutarde des oiseaux, Navet sauvage, Navette d’ Allemange, Navette d’ete, Navette des oiseaux, Navette fourragere, Navette oleagineuse, Rave, Sénevé à feuilles lisses, Navette dété, Navet potager, Navette d’été, Brède moutarde, Navette des champs, Colza, Moutarde sauvage
Gl: Nabo
Ka: Თალგამი
De: Rübsen, Stoppelrübe, Rüben-Kohl, Speiserübe, Wasser-Rübe, Wasserrübe, Weiße Rübe
El: Κινέζικο λάχανο
He: לפת
Is: Næpur
Io: Kolzo
It: Cavolo rapa
Kk: Шалқан
Ky: Чамгыр
Kv: Сёркни, Сёртни
Ko: 순무
Lv: Rācenis
Lt: Ropė
Mk: Репа
Ms: Sawi bunga
Ml: കനോല
No: Nepe, Bondekål
Nb: Bondekål
Nn: Bondekål
Os: Булкъ
Fa: کلم راپا
Pl: Kapusta właściwa polna
Pt: Nabo, Couve-nabeira, Falso-nabo, Mostarda
Qu: Nabus
Ru: Репа
Sr: Репа
Es: Repa, Grelos, Naba, Nabo campo, K`ita mostacilla, Nabo
Sv: Rova, Nauris, turnipsi, Rova/rybs/åkerkål
Zh-tw: 蕪菁
Tg: Шалғам
Uk: Ріпа
Uz: Sholgʻom
Cy: Erfinen wyllt

Synonyms

• Raphanus chinensis ((L.) Crantz)
• Sinapis pekinensis (Lour.)
• Brassica japonica (Makino)
• Brassica lutea (Gilib.)
• Brassica musifolia ((Makino) Makino)
• Sinapis auriculata (DC.)
• Brassica rapa var. annua (W.D.J.Koch)
• Brassica rapa var. globosa (Peterm.)
• Brassica pekinensis var. hiroshimana (Makino)
• Brassica rapa var. sylvestris (Briggs)
• Brassica chinensis var. crispa (André)
• Brassica campestris var. dissecta (O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica rapa var. rosularis ((Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt)
• Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica ((L.H.Bailey) Kitam.)
• Brassica japonica var. suigikuna (Makino)
• Brassica pekinensis ((Lour.) Rupr.)
• Brassica sativa subsp. rapa ((L.) Bonnier & Layens)
• Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa ((L.H.Bailey) Hanelt)
• Sinapis dichotoma (Roxb.)
• Brassica rapa var. saulieua (Alef.)
• Brassica pekinensis var. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee)
• Brassica nipposinica (L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica chinensis var. musifolia ((Makino) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica polymorpha (Syme)
• Brassica rapa var. amplexicaulis (Yo.Tanaka & Ono)
• Brassica petsai ((Lour.) L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica mizuna (Siebold)
• Napus campestris ((L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.)
• Rapa oblonga (Mill.)
• Brassica campestris f. trilocularis ((Roxb.) Prain)
• Brassica napella (Chaix)
• Brassica chinensis f. aichi (M.Hiroe)
• Brassica oleronensis (A.Sav. ex Foucaud)
• Brassica campestris var. afghanica (Sinskaya)
• Brassica campestris var. rapa ((L.) C.Hartm.)
• Brassica rapa var. parachinensis ((Bailey) Hanelt)
• Brassica japonica var. isena (Makino)
• Brassica rapa var. arenaria (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa subsp. afghanica ((Sinskaya) Shebalina)
• Brassica rapa var. violascens (Shebalina)
• Brassica rapa var. nipposinica ((L.H.Bailey) Hanelt)
• Brassica rapa var. baubryana (Alef.)
• Brassica chinensis var. narinosa ((Bailey) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica campestris (L.)
• Brassica rapa var. jodopyrga (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa var. sarson ((Prain) Mehrotra & Aswal)
• Brassica napus var. trilocularis ((Roxb.) O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica rapa subsp. campestris ((L.) Clapham)
• Brassica campestris var. amplexicaulis (Makino)
• Brassica arvensis (Hablitz)
• Brassica chinensis f. komatsuna ((Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica campestris var. trilocularis ((Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller)
• Brassica rapa var. sativa (Mérat)
• Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris ((Lam.) Janch.)
• Brassica chinensis f. chifu (M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa f. glabra ((Sinskaya) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa var. dissecta ((O.E.Schulz) Gladis)
• Brassica asperifolia var. oleifera (Godr.)
• Brassica oleracea var. chinensis ((L.) Prain)
• Brassica campestris var. glabra (Sinskaya)
• Caulanthus sulfureus (Payson)
• Brassica rapa var. laxa ((Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt)
• Brassica campestris var. sarson (Prain)
• Brassica rapa var. briggsii (Briggs)
• Brassica brassicata (A.Chev.)
• Brassica campestris f. oblonga ((Mill.) Prain)
• Brassica rapa var. vilmorinii (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa subsp. japonica (Shebalina)
• Brassica saruna (Siebold)
• Brassica pekinensis var. cylindrica (Tsen & S.H.Lee)
• Brassica chinensis var. communis (Tsen & S.H.Lee)
• Brassica chinensis f. nigra (M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa var. chinensis ((L.) Kitam.)
• Brassica rapa subvar. pe-tsai ((L.H.Bailey) Kitam.)
• Brassica campestris f. tenuis (O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica campestris var. osakana (Makino)
• Brassica rapa var. biennis (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa var. rubra ((Sinskaya) Shebalina)
• Raphanus rapa ((L.) Crantz)
• Brassica rapa var. erythroplax (Alef.)
• Brassica chinensis var. dentata ((Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica asperifolia var. esculenta (Gren. & Godr.)
• Brassica rapa var. communis (Schübl. & G.Martens)
• Brassica campestris var. genuina (Čelak.)
• Brassica rapa subsp. sarson ((Prain) Denford)
• Brassica rapa subvar. nigricans (DC.)
• Brassica campestris var. rubra (Sinskaya)
• Brassica rapa var. campestris ((L.) Peterm.)
• Brassica rapa var. intermedia (Shebalina)
• Brassica chinensis var. komatsuna (Matsum. & Nakai)
• Brassica rapa var. meauxiana (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa subvar. punicea (DC.)
• Crucifera rapa (E.H.L.Krause)
• Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ((Lour.) Kitam.)
• Brassica rapa subvar. youngtungtsai (Kitam.)
• Brassica chinensis f. nozawensis (M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera ((DC.) Metzg.)
• Brassica campestris f. auriculata ((DC.) O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica campestris var. annua ((W.D.J.Koch) Rchb.)
• Brassica rapa var. leptorhiza (Spach)
• Brassica rapa var. sarcorhiza (Spach)
• Brassica sativa (Clavaud)
• Brassica campestris subsp. nipposinica ((L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson)
• Brassica chinensis f. hiberna (M.Hiroe)
• Sinapis communis (Noronha)
• Brassica sphaerorhiza var. oblonga (Gray)
• Brassica rapa var. media (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa var. cephalata ((Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt)
• Brassica campestris var. mana (Makino)
• Brassica campestris var. chinensis ((L.) N.Busch)
• Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis ((Roxb.) Hanelt)
• Brassica rapa var. teltoviensis (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa var. hybrida (Shebalina)
• Brassica trilocularis (Hook.f. & Thomson)
• Raphanus campestris ((L.) Crantz)
• Brassica rapa var. purpuraria ((L.H.Bailey) Kitam.)
• Brassica antiquorum (H.Lév.)
• Brassica rapa var. xanthoplax (Alef.)
• Brassica chinensis f. osakana ((Makino) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica chinensis var. oleifera (Makino & Nemoto)
• Brassica pekinensis var. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee)
• Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera ((DC.) Sinskaya)
• Brassica rapa var. narinosa ((L.H.Bailey) Kitam.)
• Brassica narinosa (L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica rapa var. chloroplax (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa var. leucoplax (Alef.)
• Brassica campestris subvar. praecox (DC.)
• Brassica dubiosa (L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica asperifolia (Lam.)
• Brassica rapa var. lorifolia (L.H.Bailey)
• Napus rapa ((L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.)
• Sinapis pekinensis var. pe-tsai (Lour.)
• Brassica campestris subsp. narinosa ((L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson)
• Brassica rapa var. variegata (Alef.)
• Brassica perviridis ((L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica rapa var. melaina (Alef.)
• Brassica chinensis f. youngtungtsai ((Kitam.) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa var. cylindrica ((Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt)
• Brassica rapa subvar. flavescens (DC.)
• Brassica rapa var. septiceps (L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica campestris var. setulosa (Caruel)
• Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma ((Roxb. ex Fleming) Hanelt)
• Brassica rapa var. frenosiana (Alef.)
• Brassica trimestris (Boenn.)
• Brassica sphaerorhiza (Gray)
• Brassica campestris subvar. oblonga ((Mill.) O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica rapa var. xanthocona (Alef.)
• Brassica chinensis f. piaoh-tsai ((Kitam.) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica juncea var. celerifolia (Tsen & S.H.Lee)
• Brassica rapa var. perviridis (L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica rapa var. oleifera ((DC.) Lej. & Courtois)
• Brassica sativa var. rapa ((L.) Clavaud)
• Brassica campestris subvar. autumnalis (DC.)
• Sinapis campestris (Besser)
• Brassica rapa var. alborosea (Shebalina)
• Brassica campestris subsp. dichotoma ((Roxb.) G.Olsson)
• Brassica rapa var. cinerascens (Alef.)
• Brassica rapa var. leucopyrga (Alef.)
• Sinapis tuberosa (Poir.)
• Brassica nipposinica var. laciniifolia (L.H.Bailey)
• Sinapis pekinensis var. cai-ben (Lour.)
• Brassica chinensis var. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee)
• Brassica chinensis f. hiroshimana ((Makino) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica napus var. longirostris (Borbás)
• Brassica rapa var. typica (Posp.)
• Brassica sativa var. campestris ((L.) Clavaud)
• Brassica rapa var. morignyana (Alef.)
• Brassica campestris subsp. trilocularis ((Roxb.) G.Olsson)
• Brassica celerifolia ((Tsen & S.H.Lee) Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo)
• Brassica rapa subvar. alba (DC.)
• Brassica japonica var. indivisa (Makino)
• Brassica rapa var. glabra (Regel)
• Brassica campestris subvar. depressa ((DC.) O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica rapa var. depressa ((DC.) Lej. & Courtois)
• Brassica rapa var. pekinensis ((Lour.) Hanelt)
• Brassica cyrenaica (Spreng.)
• Brassica asperifolia var. sylvestris (Lam.)
• Brassica tuberosa (Salisb.)
• Sinapis rapa (Brot.)
• Brassica rapa subvar. viridis (DC.)
• Brassica napus var. chinensis ((L.) O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica rapa var. oleronensis ((A.Sav. ex Foucaud) Sav.)
• Brassica campestris f. briggsii ((Briggs) O.E.Schulz)
• Brassica pe-tsai (L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica rapa var. lugdunensis (Alef.)
• Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis ((Lour.) G.Olsson)
• Brassica campestris subvar. pygmaea (Alef.)
• Brassica colza (H.Lév.)
• Brassica chinensis f. honsaitai (M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa f. nagakabu (Kitam.)
• Brassica napus var. dichotoma ((Roxb.) Prain)
• Brassica rapa f. depressa ((DC.) Prain)
• Brassica campestris subsp. vulgaris (Schübl. & G.Martens)
• Brassica septiceps ((L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica chinensis (L.)
• Raphanus amplexicaulis (Viv.)
• Brassica campestris var. sotetsuna (Makino)
• Brassica campestris var. musifolia (Makino)
• Brassica pseudocolza (H.Lév.)
• Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis ((L.) Hanelt)
• Brassica briggsii (Varenne)
• Brassica chinensis f. taito (M.Hiroe)
• Brassica parachinensis (L.H.Bailey)
• Barbarea derchiensis (S.S.Ying)
• Brassica chinensis f. mana ((Makino) M.Hiroe)
• Brassica rapa var. dichotoma ((Roxb. ex Fleming) Kitam.)
• Brassica purpuraria ((L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey)
• Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis ((L.) Makino)
• Brassica pe-tsai var. dentata (Matsum. & Nakai)
• Brassica rapa var. oblonga ((Mill.) Lej. & Courtois)
• Brassica campestris var. agrestis (Prain)
• Brassica campestris var. purpuraria (L.H.Bailey)
• Sinapis trilocularis (Roxb.)
• Brassica chinensis f. indivisa ((Makino) M.Hiroe)

Distribution

• Albania (native)
• Algeria (native)
• Bulgaria (native)
• Eritrea (native)
• Ethiopia (native)
• Greece (native)
• Iran (native)
• Iraq (native)
• Italy (native)
• Kriti (native)
• Lebanon-Syria (native)
• Libya (native)
• Morocco (native)
• North Caucasus (native)
• Oman (native)
• Palestine (native)
• Saudi Arabia (native)
• Transcaucasus (native)
• Tunisia (native)
• Turkey (native)
• Yugoslavia (native)
• Alabama (introduced)
• Alaska (introduced)
• Alberta (introduced)
• Aleutian Is. (introduced)
• Altay (introduced)
• Amur (introduced)
• Andaman Is. (introduced)
• Argentina Northeast (introduced)
• Argentina Northwest (introduced)
• Argentina South (introduced)
• Arizona (introduced)
• Arkansas (introduced)
• Assam (introduced)
• Azores (introduced)
• Baleares (introduced)
• Baltic States (introduced)
• Bangladesh (introduced)
• Belarus (introduced)
• Belgium (introduced)
• Bolivia (introduced)
• Brazil Northeast (introduced)
• Brazil South (introduced)
• Brazil Southeast (introduced)
• Brazil West-Central (introduced)
• British Columbia (introduced)
• Buryatiya (introduced)
• California (introduced)
• Cambodia (introduced)
• Cape Provinces (introduced)
• Cayman Is. (introduced)
• Central European Rus (introduced)
• Chile Central (introduced)
• Chile North (introduced)
• Chile South (introduced)
• China North-Central (introduced)
• China South-Central (introduced)
• China Southeast (introduced)
• Chita (introduced)
• Colombia (introduced)
• Colorado (introduced)
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• Nevada (introduced)
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• New Zealand North (introduced)
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• Newfoundland (introduced)
• Nicaragua (introduced)
• Nicobar Is. (introduced)
• North Carolina (introduced)
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• Pakistan (introduced)
• Panamá (introduced)
• Paraguay (introduced)
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• Peru (introduced)
• Poland (introduced)
• Primorye (introduced)
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• Québec (introduced)
• Rhode I. (introduced)
• Romania (introduced)
• Rwanda (introduced)
• Réunion (introduced)
• Sakhalin (introduced)
• Sardegna (introduced)
• Saskatchewan (introduced)
• Sicilia (introduced)
• Society Is. (introduced)
• Solomon Is. (introduced)
• South Australia (introduced)
• South Carolina (introduced)
• South China Sea (introduced)
• South Dakota (introduced)
• South European Russi (introduced)
• Spain (introduced)
• Sweden (introduced)
• Switzerland (introduced)
• Tadzhikistan (introduced)
• Taiwan (introduced)
• Tanzania (introduced)
• Tasmania (introduced)
• Tennessee (introduced)
• Texas (introduced)
• Trinidad-Tobago (introduced)
• Tristan da Cunha (introduced)
• Tuamotu (introduced)
• Turkmenistan (introduced)
• Tuva (introduced)
• Uganda (introduced)
• Ukraine (introduced)
• Uruguay (introduced)
• Utah (introduced)
• Uzbekistan (introduced)
• Vermont (introduced)
• Victoria (introduced)
• Vietnam (introduced)
• Virginia (introduced)
• Washington (introduced)
• West Himalaya (introduced)
• West Siberia (introduced)
• West Virginia (introduced)
• Western Australia (introduced)
• Windward Is. (introduced)
• Wisconsin (introduced)
• Wyoming (introduced)
• Yakutskiya (introduced)
• Yukon (introduced)
• Zimbabwe (introduced)

Additional Images

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flower

Taken Nov 20, 2017 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 20, 2017 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 28, 2017 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 20, 2017 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 28, 2017 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Oct 25, 2022 by Oliveira Vander (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 16, 2018 by Raul Cerezo (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 25, 2022 by Oliveira Vander (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by john regan (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 28, 2017 by jose (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken May 7, 2022 by López Laaz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 16, 2021 by Anna Perenna (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 11, 2022 by Giovanni Vannacci (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 20, 2022 by Joseph Dupont (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 20, 2017 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)

Habit

Taken Mar 28, 2022 by Pasak Ewa (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 27, 2020 by Kelsey C. (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 11, 2022 by Marie Gentile (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 6, 2021 by Benito Soto Fernando (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 15, 2020 by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Jan 2, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1970 by Photoflora – L’Abbé COSTE (©)

Taken Nov 6, 2022 by Na Zed (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 1, 2019 by Sian jiffy (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by john regan (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Frank Vincentz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Frank Vincentz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 6, 2006 by Tela Botanica − Errol Vela (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − John Hilty (cc-by-nc)

Taken Apr 20, 2018 by fromthegrey (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/7903057)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279485-1)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Brassica rapa L.)

Specifications

Growth form: Single Crown

Growth habit: Forb/herb

Growth rate: Rapid

Growth

Sowing: Direct seed outdoors

Row spacing: {‘cm’: 2}

Spread: {‘cm’: 30}

Ph maximum: 8.0

Ph minimum: 5.0

Light: 8

Atmospheric humidity: 5

Soil nutriments: 8