Family: Ulmaceae
Author: Mill.
Bibliography: Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 5 (1768)
Year: 1768
Status: accepted
Rank: hybrid
Genus: Ulmus
Vegetable: False
Observations: Europe to Iran
Description
The Dutch elm, scientifically known as Ulmus × hollandica, is a hybrid species within the Ulmaceae family. Widely praised for its aesthetic appeal and robustness, this tree has played a significant role in the landscape architecture of parks, streets, and gardens across various regions.
Native to a stretch extending from Europe to Iran, the Dutch elm has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to adapt to a range of climatic conditions. Its natural distribution in such diverse locales speaks to its resilience and adaptability. This has made it a popular choice for cultivation outside its native range, particularly in temperate zones.
The hybrid nature of Ulmus × hollandica gives it unique characteristics that have been appreciated since its formal description by Mill. in the 1778 edition of the Gardener’s Dictionary. Aesthetically, it is recognized for its graceful canopy, which provides ample shade and a serene ambiance to its surroundings. The leaves, typically rich green in color, contribute to its lush appearance during the growing season, offering a verdant display that is visually pleasing.
One of the key considerations in cultivating Dutch elm is its resistance to certain pests and diseases, although it is not wholly immune to Dutch elm disease, a factor that enthusiasts and arborists must manage carefully. This disease, caused by the Ophiostoma fungus and spread by elm bark beetles, has significantly impacted elm populations worldwide. However, ongoing research and breeding programs aim to bolster the resilience of this classic tree against such threats.
In terms of ecological value, the Dutch elm plays a substantial role in providing habitat and food for various species, from birds to insects. Its extensive root system also helps in stabilizing the soil, making it advantageous for preventing erosion, particularly in urban settings where green spaces are crucial for environmental health.
In summary, the Dutch elm (Ulmus × hollandica) is not only a symbol of ecological and aesthetic value but also a testament to the complexities and beauties of hybrid plant species. Proper care and disease management can help ensure that this majestic tree continues to grace landscapes with its presence for generations to come.
Common Names
En: Dutch elm, Holland elm
Ar: دردار هولندي
Bg: Холандски бряст
Zh: 荷兰榆
Da: Hollandsk elm, Skov-elm × småbladet elm
Nl: Hollandse iep
Fi: Puistojalava
Fr: Orme de Hollande
Gl: Ulmeiro de Holanda
De: Holländische Ulme, Bastard-Ulme, Bastardulme
No: Storalm
Nb: Parkalm
Nn: Parkalm
Sr: Холандски брест
Sv: Hybridalm, Puistojalava
Synonyms
- Ulmus stricta var. sarniensis ((Loudon) Moss)
- Ulmus × prionophylla (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × hollandica f. major ((Sm.) Lawalrée)
- Ulmus × prominentidens (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × elegantissima (Horw.)
- Ulmus glabra f. sarniensis ((Loudon) C.K.Schneid.)
- Ulmus × longidentata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus campestris var. klemmeri (Gillek.)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. pendula ((Loudon) Rehder)
- Ulmus glabra var. vegeta (Loudon)
- Ulmus carpinifolia var. dampieri ((G.Kirchn.) Rehder)
- Ulmus × scampstoniensis (Steud.)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. superba ((C.Morren) Rehder)
- Ulmus × dampieri ((G.Kirchn.) Jühlke)
- Ulmus campestris f. wendworthii (Dippel)
- Ulmus × batavina (K.Koch)
- Ulmus × atrovirens (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus minor var. sarniensis ((Loudon) Richens)
- Ulmus × obesidens (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus campestris var. major ((Sm.) Walp.)
- Ulmus × peninsularis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × longicaudata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × acuminatissima (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × angustiformis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus glabra f. wentworthii (C.K.Schneid.)
- Ulmus × belgica (Burgsdorf)
- Ulmus campestris wentworthiensis (Späth)
- Ulmus campestris var. sarniensis (Loudon)
- Ulmus × obesifolia (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × insularum ((Richens) J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. insularum (Richens)
- Ulmus carpinifolia f. sarniensis ((Loudon) Rehder)
- Ulmus campestris f. sarniensis ((Loudon) Dippel)
- Ulmus × dippeliana (C.K.Schneid.)
- Ulmus × smithii (A.Henry)
- Ulmus × hillieri (Hillier)
- Ulmus × serrata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × modiolina (A.Chev.)
- Ulmus × dippeliana f. batavia (C.K.Schneid.)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. albovariegata (Weston)
- Ulmus × acutissima (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus carpinifolia f. wredei ((Jühlke) Rehder)
- Ulmus minor subsp. sarniensis ((Loudon) Stace)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. belgica ((Burgsdorf) Rehder)
- Ulmus montana var. superba (C.Morren)
- Ulmus major var. daveyi (A.Henry)
- Ulmus × crenata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × platyphylla (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × alta (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus glabra var. scampstoniensis (G.Kirchn.)
- Ulmus × webbiana (J.Lee ex K.Koch)
- Ulmus × cuneiformis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × serratula (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × pseudelegantissima (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × anglosaxonica (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × dampieri var. wredei (Jühlke)
- Ulmus montana var. rugosa (Loudon)
- Ulmus × fordii (Loudon)
- Ulmus glabra f. vegeta ((Loudon) Dippel)
- Ulmus × crassa (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × dauvessei (A.Henry)
- Ulmus × microdon (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus scabra var. major ((Sm.) Dippel)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. dumontii ((Mottet) Rehder)
- Ulmus × pendula (W.Mast.)
- Ulmus × hollandica f. belgica ((Burgsdorf) Lawalrée)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. major ((Sm.) Rehder)
- Ulmus × serratifrons (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. klemmeri ((Gillek.) Rehder)
- Ulmus × pitteursii (G.Kirchn.)
- Ulmus × daveyi ((A.Henry) J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × incisa (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × madingleyensis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × sarniensis ((Loudon) H.H.Bancr.)
- Ulmus × coriaceifolia (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × multidentata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. dauvessei ((A.Henry) Rehder)
- Ulmus × curvifolia (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × scabrosa (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × cordifrons (Johanss.)
- Ulmus × gyrophylla (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus campestris f. major ((Sm.) Herder)
- Ulmus × cantabrigiensis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus glabra f. concavifolia (Dippel)
- Ulmus × superba ((C.Morren) A.Henry)
- Ulmus × rasilis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × serpentina (Shrubsole)
- Ulmus × hollandica f. tricuspidata (Lawalrée)
- Ulmus campestris var. dumontii (Mottet)
- Ulmus montana var. hollandica (Huberty)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. vegeta ((Loudon) Rehder)
- Ulmus × sylvatica (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × hollandica var. pitteursii ((G.Kirchn.) Rehder)
- Ulmus × major (Sm.)
- Ulmus × occidentalis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus montana var. dampieri-aurea (J.Wrede ex H.Jaeger & Beissn.)
- Ulmus × wentworthii-pendula (de Vos)
- Ulmus × proceriformis (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × vegeta ((Loudon) Ley)
- Ulmus × pseudobovata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × longidens (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × oblanceolata (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus montana var. dampieri (G.Kirchn.)
- Ulmus × rhombifolia (J.V.Armstr. & P.D.Sell)
- Ulmus × chaterorum (P.D.Sell)
Distribution
- Belgium (native)
- France (native)
- Germany (native)
- Great Britain (native)
- Hungary (native)
- Iran (native)
- Netherlands (native)
- Sweden (native)
- Turkey (native)
- Ireland (introduced)
- New South Wales (introduced)
- Queensland (introduced)
- Tasmania (introduced)
Additional Images
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Leaf
Taken Oct 27, 2021 by Pieter Verbrugghe (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 27, 2022 by G J (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 10, 2021 by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 16, 2022 by Mary_T (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 25, 2022 by Hauser Kaspar (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken Apr 26, 2020 by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 4, 2022 by Fabi (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 4, 2020 by Ramon Gadellaa (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 9, 2021 by Jeroen de Graaf (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 14, 2021 by Lisa (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Apr 26, 2020 by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 4, 2022 by Fabi (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 4, 2020 by Ramon Gadellaa (cc-by-sa)
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:856868-1)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Ulmus × hollandica Mill.)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/7141604)
Specifications
Growth
