Field brome (Bromus arvensis, Sp. Pl.: 77 (1753))

Family: Poaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 77 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Bromus

Vegetable: Unknown

Observations: E. & S. Europe to Iran

Description

Field Brome: A Comprehensive Overview

Field brome, scientifically known as Bromus arvensis, was first described in 1753 by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus. Belonging to the Poaceae family, this species has made its mark across various regions, spanning from Eastern and Southern Europe to the vast landscapes of Iran.

Bromus arvensis thrives in a diverse range of environments, demonstrating a remarkable adaptability to different climatic conditions. This grass species is often found in meadows, fields, and along roadside verges, where it benefits from the open, sunny conditions that these habitats provide. The presence of field brome is typically indicative of well-drained soils, although it is not overly particular about the soil types it inhabits.

The structural characteristics of field brome are a testament to its adaptability and survival mechanisms. It possesses slender, erect stems that can reach varying heights, ensuring its survival amidst competitive vegetation. The leaves of Bromus arvensis are linear and flat, providing ample surface area for photosynthesis. Additionally, the plant’s inflorescence, a loose, panicle-like arrangement of spikelets, is a distinctive feature that aids in its identification.

Field brome plays a significant ecological role within its native range. As part of the Poaceae family, it is integral to the grassland ecosystems, providing forage for herbivorous wildlife. Furthermore, its seeds serve as a food source for numerous bird species, thereby contributing to the local biodiversity.

From an agricultural perspective, field brome can be a double-edged sword. While it can offer some grazing value for livestock, its presence in cultivated fields is often less welcome. This species can compete with crops for resources, potentially reducing yields if not managed appropriately.

In summary, field brome (Bromus arvensis) is a versatile and ecologically important species within its native range, contributing to both natural and agricultural landscapes. Its resilience and adaptability underscore its significance in the Poaceae family, marking it as a species worthy of both admiration and careful management.

Common Names

Deu: acker-trespe
Dan: ager-hejre
Eng: field brome
Fra: brome des champs
Ita: bromo arvense
Swe: pyörtänökattara, renlosta
Fin: pyörtänökattara
Nor: reensvimling
Ces: sveřep rolní
Nob: åkerfaks
Nno: åkerfaks
Nld: akkerdravik
Sme: bealdohárjesuoidni
Cym: pawrwellt y maes
En: Field brome, Field Bromegrass, Schrader’s brome, JAPANESE BROME
Ar: شويعرة حقلية
Be: Каласоўнік палявы
Bg: Полска овсига
Ca: Bromus arvense
Zh: Tian que mai, 田雀麦
Cs: Sveřep rolní
Da: Ager-hejre
Nl: Akkerdravik
Et: Põldluste
Fi: Pyörtänökattara
Fr: Brome des champs
De: Acker-Trespe, Ackertrespe
It: Bromo arvense, Forasacco dei campi
Lv: Tīrumu lāčauza
Mk: Полска класатка, Полска класица
Se: Bealdohárjesuoidni
No: Reensvimling
Nb: Åkerfaks
Nn: Åkerfaks
Pl: Stokłosa polna
Es: Bromo de campo
Sv: Renlosta, Pyörtänökattara
Uk: Дирза
Cy: Pawrwellt y maes

Synonyms

• Bromus fragilis (Schur)
• Bromus arvensis var. pubiflorus (N.H.F.Desp.)
• Bromus arvensis var. hyalinus ((Schur) Schur)
• Bromus arvensis var. giganteus (Zapal.)
• Bromus mollis var. leptostachyus (Pers.)
• Bromus arvensis subvar. depauperatus (Coss. & Germ.)
• Bromus arvensis var. nutans (Neilr.)
• Serrafalcus billotii ((F.W.Schultz) Rouy)
• Bromus arvensis f. umbrosus (Hausskn.)
• Bromus arvensis var. verticillatus ((Cav.) Nyman)
• Bromus arvensis var. compactus (Asch. & Graebn.)
• Bromus arvensis subsp. parviflorus ((Desf.) H.Scholz)
• Serrafalcus arvensis var. pubescens (Caldesi)
• Serrafalcus duvalii (Rouy)
• Serrafalcus arvensis var. pilosus (Husn.)
• Bromus billotii (F.W.Schultz)
• Bromus arvensis subsp. hyalinus ((Schur) Domin)
• Bromus arvensis f. degeneri ((Schur) Todor)
• Bromus arvensis var. intermedius (Mutel)
• Bromus arvensis var. fragilis (Schur)
• Bromus arvensis var. recurvatus (H.Lindb.)
• Bromus arvensis var. oliganthos (Hartm.)
• Bromus arvensis var. diffusus (Neilr.)
• Bromus arvensis var. degeneri (Schur)
• Bromus arvensis var. typicus (Fiori)
• Bromus versicolor (Pollich)
• Bromus arvensis var. sericostachys (Halácsy)
• Bromus arvensis var. velutinus (Coss. & Germ.)
• Bromus ventolana (Schleich. ex Steud.)
• Bromus mollissimus (Hornem.)
• Bromus arvensis splendens ((Velen.) Velen.)
• Bromus arvensis subsp. splendens ((Velen.) Nyman)
• Bromus arvensis var. turcicus (Pénzes)
• Bromus arvensis var. versicolor (Schur)
• Bromus arvensis f. flavescens (Holmb.)
• Bromus phragmitoides (Nyár.)
• Bromus arvensis var. triflorus (Asch. & Graebn.)
• Forasaccus arvensis ((L.) Bubani)
• Bromus arvensis subvar. violaceus (Asch. & Graebn.)
• Bromus arvensis subsp. segetalis (H.Scholz)
• Bromus hyalinus (Schur)
• Avena arvensis ((L.) Salisb.)
• Bromus arvensis f. compactus ((Asch. & Graebn.) Todor)
• Bromus arvensis var. depauperatus (Coss. & Germ.)
• Bromus arvensis f. puberulus (H.Lindb.)
• Bromus arvensis f. diffusus (Todor)
• Bromus spiculitenuata (Knapp)
• Serrafalcus arvensis ((L.) Godr.)
• Bromus arvensis var. splendens ((Velen.) Velen.)
• Bromus arvensis f. violaceus ((Asch. & Graebn.) Todor)
• Bromus splendens (Velen.)
• Serrafalcus verticillatus ((Cav.) Amo)
• Bromus secalinus subsp. billotii ((F.W.Schultz) Asch. & Graebn.)
• Bromus arvensis var. inermis (Schumach.)
• Bromus verticillatus (Cav.)
• Bromus arvensis var. laxus (Asch. & Graebn.)
• Bromus secalinus var. billotii ((F.W.Schultz) Asch. & Graebn.)

Distribution

• Albania (native)
• Baleares (native)
• Bulgaria (native)
• Cyprus (native)
• East Aegean Is. (native)
• France (native)
• Greece (native)
• Hungary (native)
• Iran (native)
• Italy (native)
• Kriti (native)
• Lebanon-Syria (native)
• North Caucasus (native)
• Romania (native)
• Spain (native)
• Transcaucasus (native)
• Turkey (native)
• Turkey-in-Europe (native)
• Ukraine (native)
• Yugoslavia (native)
• Alabama (introduced)
• Alberta (introduced)
• Altay (introduced)
• Argentina Northeast (introduced)
• Arizona (introduced)
• Arkansas (introduced)
• Austria (introduced)
• Baltic States (introduced)
• Belarus (introduced)
• Belgium (introduced)
• British Columbia (introduced)
• California (introduced)
• Central European Rus (introduced)
• China North-Central (introduced)
• China Southeast (introduced)
• Colorado (introduced)
• Connecticut (introduced)
• Czechoslovakia (introduced)
• Delaware (introduced)
• Denmark (introduced)
• District of Columbia (introduced)
• East European Russia (introduced)
• Finland (introduced)
• Florida (introduced)
• Georgia (introduced)
• Germany (introduced)
• Great Britain (introduced)
• Idaho (introduced)
• Illinois (introduced)
• Indiana (introduced)
• Iowa (introduced)
• Kansas (introduced)
• Kazakhstan (introduced)
• Kentucky (introduced)
• Krasnoyarsk (introduced)
• Krym (introduced)
• Louisiana (introduced)
• Maine (introduced)
• Manitoba (introduced)
• Maryland (introduced)
• Masachusettes (introduced)
• Michigan (introduced)
• Minnesota (introduced)
• Mississippi (introduced)
• Missouri (introduced)
• Montana (introduced)
• Nebraska (introduced)
• Netherlands (introduced)
• Nevada (introduced)
• New Hampshire (introduced)
• New Jersey (introduced)
• New Mexico (introduced)
• New York (introduced)
• North Carolina (introduced)
• North Dakota (introduced)
• North European Russi (introduced)
• Northwest European R (introduced)
• Norway (introduced)
• Ohio (introduced)
• Oklahoma (introduced)
• Ontario (introduced)
• Oregon (introduced)
• Pennsylvania (introduced)
• Poland (introduced)
• Primorye (introduced)
• Québec (introduced)
• Rhode I. (introduced)
• Saskatchewan (introduced)
• South Carolina (introduced)
• South Dakota (introduced)
• Sweden (introduced)
• Switzerland (introduced)
• Tennessee (introduced)
• Texas (introduced)
• Utah (introduced)
• Vermont (introduced)
• Virginia (introduced)
• Washington (introduced)
• West Siberia (introduced)
• West Virginia (introduced)
• Wisconsin (introduced)
• Wyoming (introduced)

Additional Images

Fruit

Taken Jun 16, 2021 by Савченко Никита (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 1, 2020 by Елена Ямушева (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 28, 2022 by William Coville (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 16, 2021 by Савченко Никита (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 25, 2021 by Gaby Beland (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken May 22, 2020 by Jacques Maréchal (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 11, 2019 by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 11, 2011 by Pedro Gaspar (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 9, 2021 by Pl@ntNet (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 23, 2020 by Frozy

Habit

Taken Jul 15, 2019 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)

Taken Jul 9, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Bertrand BUI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)

Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute. (public)

Taken Nov 23, 2022 by Kilhiann Bagur (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken May 25, 2021 by Diana Gilpatrick (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 6, 2019 by Scarlett & Ashley Sloman (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 21, 2021 by a t (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 6, 2022 by Oliver pitt (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 23, 2022 by Kilhiann Bagur (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Jul 15, 2005 by Photoflora – Benoit BOCK (©)

Other

Taken Jul 9, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Bertrand BUI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Bertrand BUI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 1, 1800 by Tela Botanica − Daniel MATHIEU (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Bertrand BUI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Bertrand BUI (cc-by-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2703705)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:393536-1)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Bromus arvensis L.)

Specifications

Growth