Family: Fabaceae
Author: (L.) Sarg.
Bibliography: Gard. & Forest 4: 436 (1891)
Year: 1891
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Piscidia
Vegetable: False
Observations: Mexico to C. America, Florida to Caribbean
Description
The Fish-poison-tree, scientifically known as Piscidia piscipula, is a remarkable plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. This species can be found across a broad range, including Mexico, Central America, Florida, and the Caribbean islands, showcasing its adaptability to various tropical and subtropical climates.
Historically, the Fish-poison-tree has been recognized and documented in botanical literature for over a century, with notable mention in the Gardener’s and Forester’s compendium in 1891. Authored by Sargent (L.), this particular documentation provides a scientific basis for the widespread acknowledgment and cataloging of the species.
One of the most intriguing aspects of Piscidia piscipula lies in its common name, “Fish-poison-tree,” which hints at its traditional use by indigenous peoples. The name derives from the plant’s ability to produce rotenone, a natural substance that has been utilized to stupefy fish. This practice enabled easier fishing, as the chemical agents from the tree would temporarily incapacitate the fish without rendering them toxic for human consumption.
In addition to its utilitarian applications in traditional fishing practices, the Fish-poison-tree also holds potential medicinal properties. Various cultures have explored its uses for its analgesic and sedative effects. However, due caution should be exercised due to the toxic nature of its active compounds, which can have severe effects if misused.
The ecological role of Piscidia piscipula is equally important. It contributes to the floral diversity of the regions it inhabits, supporting local ecosystems. As a member of the Fabaceae family, it often enriches the soil through nitrogen fixation, benefiting other plant species in proximity.
Despite its historical and practical significance, like many other flora, the Fish-poison-tree faces challenges from habitat loss and environmental changes. Conservation efforts are vital to ensure that this unique species continues to thrive in its native regions, preserving not only the biodiversity but also the cultural heritage associated with its traditional uses.
In summary, the Fish-poison-tree (Piscidia piscipula) is not only botanically fascinating but also culturally and ecologically significant. From its traditional applications in fishing to its role in local ecosystems and potential medicinal benefits, it stands as a testament to the intricate connections between plants and human societies throughout history.
Common Names
Eng: fish-fuddle tree, florida fishpoison tree, jamaica-dogwood, jamaican-dogwood, fish-poison-tree
En: Fish-poison-tree, Jamaica-dogwood, Florida fishpoison tree, Ha’bin, Fish-fuddle tree, Jamaican-dogwood
Zh: 毒魚豆
Fi: Jamaikanunipalko
Fr: Enivrage, Savonette grand bois
Mr: फिश पॉयझन ट्री
Es: Guama de costa, Palo hediondo
Synonyms
- Ichthyomethia piscipula ((L.) Hitchc.)
- Piscidia communis ((S.F.Blake) I.M.Johnst.)
- Piscipula erythrina ((L.) Loefl.)
- Ichthyomethia communis (S.F.Blake)
- Robinia alata (Mill.)
- Erythrina piscidioides (Sweet)
- Piscidia erythrina (L.)
- Piscidia toxicaria (Salisb.)
- Erythrina piscipula (L.)
- Piscidia inebrians (Medik.)
- Ichthyomethia piscipula var. typica (Stehlé & Quentin)
Distribution
- Bahamas (native)
- Belize (native)
- Cayman Is. (native)
- Cuba (native)
- Dominican Republic (native)
- Florida (native)
- Guatemala (native)
- Honduras (native)
- Jamaica (native)
- Mexico Central (native)
- Mexico Gulf (native)
- Mexico Northeast (native)
- Mexico Southeast (native)
- Mexico Southwest (native)
- Panamá (native)
- Southwest Caribbean (native)
- Venezuelan Antilles (native)
- Galápagos (introduced)
- Hawaii (introduced)
Additional Images
Leaf
Taken Nov 25, 2022 by kara paul (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 11, 2013 by EOL − Sharpj99 (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Jan 5, 2013 by EOL − Homer Edward Price (cc-by)
Taken Aug 4, 2022 by Gentry Amalo (cc-by-sa)
Flower
Taken Mar 12, 2019 by Manuel Aceves (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Jun 11, 2013 by EOL − Sharpj99 (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Jun 11, 2013 by EOL − Sharpj99 (cc-by-nc-sa)
Habit
Taken Jun 11, 2013 by EOL − Sharpj99 (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Sep 23, 2008 by EOL − homeredwardprice (cc-by)
Taken Mar 27, 2015 by EOL − Jennifer Rycenga (cc-by-nc)
Bark
Taken Jan 6, 2011 by EOL − Homer Edward Price (cc-by)
Taken Mar 27, 2015 by EOL − Jennifer Rycenga (cc-by-nc)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2956069)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:199978-2)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.)
Specifications
Growth habit>: Tree, Shrub
