Goober (Arachis hypogaea, Sp. pl. 2:741. 1753)

Family: Fabaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. pl. 2:741. 1753

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Arachis

Vegetable: True

Observations: a cultigen from Bolivia

Description

Goober, known scientifically as Arachis hypogaea, is a noteworthy member of the Fabaceae family. This culturally and economically significant plant has its origins as a cultigen from Bolivia, representing the rich agricultural heritage of the region. The botanical classification and description of Goober can be traced back to the meticulous work recorded in the second volume of Species Plantarum, published in 1753 by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus, commonly abbreviated as L.

In the context of its historical and agricultural relevance, Goober has played a pivotal role in various societies, both as a nutritious food source and a versatile agricultural commodity. The plant’s adaptability and the nutritional value of its seeds have contributed to its widespread cultivation and use across different continents.

The growth habit of Arachis hypogaea is characterized by its unique underground fruit development, a phenomenon that intrigues both botanists and agriculturists. The plant typically thrives in well-drained soils and requires a warm climate for optimal growth. Its legumes, commonly referred to as peanuts, are a rich source of protein, essential oils, and other nutrients, making them a staple in diets around the world.

Goober’s contribution extends beyond its role as a food source. The plant is also valued for its nitrogen-fixing properties, which enhance soil fertility and benefit subsequent crops in agricultural rotations. This dual benefit underscores the ecological and economic importance of incorporating Arachis hypogaea into farming systems.

Overall, Goober exemplifies the intricate balance between botanical science, agriculture, and cultural heritage, standing as a testament to the enduring legacy of plant domestication and its impact on human civilization.

Common Names

Deu: erdnuß
Dan: jordnød
Eng: peanut, goober, groundnut, ground-nut, pea nut
Lit: valgomasis archis
Tur: yerfistigi
Por: amendoim, caranga, mandobi
Ita: arachide
Fra: arachide, cacahuète, pistache de terre
Spa: avellana americana, cacahuete, cocos, maní
Ara: ful sudane
Run: ibiyoba
Swe: jordnöt, peanut
Swa: kalanga, karanga, mjugu nyasa, mnjugu nyasa
Est: maapähkel
En: Goober, Groundnut, Peanut, Amazambane, Ground-nut, Monkey nut, ”kizɔ́ɔ́”, Kacang tana, Asɔbɔ́, Beleŋ, Biyɛ́, Bí’, Granut, Hiond√, Iiso, Kokoy sonson, Kɔsí, Kə̀nà, Maɓɔngɔ, Mbiyāʼ, Mbiáŋ, Moso, Mənzʉ, Mɨntsʉmbí, Mɨ̀ndə́ké, Njighísi, Owondo, Pinda, Pirièn, Péli, Swaa, Tɔmbaŋa, Wundε, Wòndòo, Ziimaami, Zoɔkɔ, Òwònò, Ɔsɔb, Ǹtsɔ̀ŋndzə̄, ߕߌ߬ߦߊ, Pea Nut, ManÁ, ManÁ Largo, Earthnut
Af: Grondboontjie
Ak: Nkatie
Am: ኦቾሎኒ
Ar: Ful sudane, فول سوداني
Hy: Ստորգետնյա գետնանուշ
Ay: Chuqupa
Az: Araxis
Eu: Kakahuete
Be: Арэх земляны
Bn: চীনাবাদাম
Bi: Peanut
Bs: Kikiriki
Br: Arachidez
Bg: Фъстък
My: မြေပဲ
Ca: Cacauet
Ce: Арахис
Zh: Luo hua sheng, 土豆, 落花生, 長生果
Hr: Kikiriki
Cs: Podzemnice olejná
Da: Jordnød
Nl: Pinda
Eo: Ternukso
Et: Maapähkel
Fo: Jarðnøt
Fi: Maapähkinä, Satomaapähkinä
Fr: Cacahuète, Arachide, Pistache de terre, Arachide souterraine, Arachide blanche
Gl: Cacahuete
Ka: Არაქისი
De: Erdnuß, Erdnuss
El: Φυστίκι
Gn: Manduvi
Gu: મગફળી
Ha: Gyaɗa
He: אגוז אדמה
Hi: मूँगफली
Hu: Földimogyoró
Is: Jarðhneta
Io: Arakido
Id: Kacang tanah
Ia: Arachide
Ga: Cnó talún
It: Arachide, Bagigi, Brustolini, Gallette, Noccioline americane, Pistaci, Aracide
Ja: Rakka-sei, Nankin-mame
Jv: Kacang brol
Kn: ಕಡಲೇಕಾಯಿ
Kk: Жержаңғақ
Ky: Жер жаңгак
Rn: Ibiyoba
Ko: Ttangkong, 땅콩
Ku: Fistiqa axê
Lv: Zemesrieksts
Ln: Ngúba
Lt: Valgomasis archis
Lb: Kakuett
Mk: Кикиритка
Mg: Voanjo
Ms: Kacang tanah
Ml: നിലക്കടല
Mr: भुईमूग
Ne: बदाम
No: Peanøtt
Or: ଚିନାବାଦାମ
Os: Хæлуарæгæхсæр
Pa: ਮੂੰਗਫਲੀ
Fa: بادام زمینی
Pl: Orzacha podziemna, Orzech arachidowy, Orzech ziemny
Pt: Caranga, Amendoim, Mandobi, Mendubi, Mudubim
Qu: Inchik
Ro: Alun de pământ
Ru: Арахис культурный
Sg: Kârâkö
Sa: कलायः
Sr: Кикирики
Sn: Matere, Nzungu
Sd: بوھي مڱ
Sk: Podzemnica olejná
So: Loos
Es: Cocos, Cacahuete, Maní, Avellana americana, Cacahueta, Mani, Cacachuet
Su: Suuk
Sw: Mjugu nyasa, Karanga, Mnjugu nyasa, Mnjugu, Kalanga
Sv: Jordnöt, Peanut
Tl: Mani
Zh-tw: 落花生
Ta: நிலக்கடலை
Tt: Җир чикләвеге
Te: వేరుశనగ
Th: ต้นถั่วลิสง
Ti: ፉል
To: Pīnati
Tr: Yer fıstığı, Yerfistigi
Ug: خاسىڭ
Uk: Арахіс культурний
Ur: مونگ پھلی
Uz: Yeryongʻoq
Vi: Lạc
Cy: Cnau mwnci
Fy: Apenút
Wo: Aaréen
Yi: סטאשקע
Za: Duhdoem
Zu: Ilintogomane

Synonyms

• Arachis hypogaea var. peruviana (Krapov. & W.C.Greg.)
• Arachis hypogaea var. aequatoriana (Krapov. & W.C.Greg.)
• Arachidna quadrifolia (Trew)
• Arachis hypogaea f. typica (Hoehne)
• Arachis guaraniana (Bertoni)
• Arachis hypogaea subsp. procumbens (Waldron)
• Arachis hypogaea subsp. nambyquarae ((Hoehne) A.Chev.)
• Arachis hypogaea var. nambyquarae ((Hoehne) Burkart)
• Arachis nambyquarae (Hoehne)
• Arachis hypogaea f. nambyquarae ((Hoehne) F.J.Herm.)
• Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata (Waldron)
• Arachis americana (Ten.)
• Arachis oleifera (A.Chev.)
• Arachidna hypogaea ((L.) Moench)
• Arachis hypogaea var. vulgaris (Harz)
• Arachis hypogaea var. hirsuta (Köhler)
• Arachis asiatica (Lour.)
• Arachis rasteiro (A.Chev.)

Distribution

• Bolivia (native)
• Alabama (introduced)
• Angola (introduced)
• Assam (introduced)
• Bangladesh (introduced)
• Belarus (introduced)
• Benin (introduced)
• Brazil North (introduced)
• Brazil Northeast (introduced)
• Brazil South (introduced)
• Brazil Southeast (introduced)
• Brazil West-Central (introduced)
• Bulgaria (introduced)
• Burkina (introduced)
• Burundi (introduced)
• Cameroon (introduced)
• Caroline Is. (introduced)
• Central African Repu (introduced)
• Central European Rus (introduced)
• Chad (introduced)
• China North-Central (introduced)
• China South-Central (introduced)
• China Southeast (introduced)
• Colombia (introduced)
• Comoros (introduced)
• East European Russia (introduced)
• East Himalaya (introduced)
• Ecuador (introduced)
• Eritrea (introduced)
• Ethiopia (introduced)
• Gabon (introduced)
• Galápagos (introduced)
• Gambia (introduced)
• Ghana (introduced)
• Guinea (introduced)
• Guinea-Bissau (introduced)
• Gulf of Guinea Is. (introduced)
• Hainan (introduced)
• Illinois (introduced)
• India (introduced)
• Inner Mongolia (introduced)
• Iraq (introduced)
• Ivory Coast (introduced)
• Jawa (introduced)
• Kazakhstan (introduced)
• Kirgizstan (introduced)
• Korea (introduced)
• Krym (introduced)
• KwaZulu-Natal (introduced)
• Laccadive Is. (introduced)
• Laos (introduced)
• Liberia (introduced)
• Malawi (introduced)
• Malaya (introduced)
• Mali (introduced)
• Manchuria (introduced)
• Marianas (introduced)
• Maryland (introduced)
• Mauritania (introduced)
• Mexico Southwest (introduced)
• Mongolia (introduced)
• Mozambique (introduced)
• Myanmar (introduced)
• Namibia (introduced)
• Nepal (introduced)
• New Guinea (introduced)
• Niger (introduced)
• Nigeria (introduced)
• North Caucasus (introduced)
• Northern Provinces (introduced)
• Pakistan (introduced)
• Paraguay (introduced)
• Peru (introduced)
• Philippines (introduced)
• Queensland (introduced)
• Rwanda (introduced)
• Santa Cruz Is. (introduced)
• Senegal (introduced)
• Sierra Leone (introduced)
• Society Is. (introduced)
• South European Russi (introduced)
• Sri Lanka (introduced)
• Sudan (introduced)
• Sumatera (introduced)
• Tadzhikistan (introduced)
• Taiwan (introduced)
• Tanzania (introduced)
• Thailand (introduced)
• Togo (introduced)
• Transcaucasus (introduced)
• Trinidad-Tobago (introduced)
• Turkmenistan (introduced)
• Uganda (introduced)
• Ukraine (introduced)
• Uzbekistan (introduced)
• Vietnam (introduced)
• West Himalaya (introduced)
• Western Australia (introduced)
• Yemen (introduced)
• Zambia (introduced)
• Zaïre (introduced)
• Zimbabwe (introduced)

Additional Images

Habit

Taken May 31, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Jean-Claude ECHARDOUR (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 12, 2016 by Tela Botanica − Jean-Claude ECHARDOUR (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 28, 2021 by Fernando da Luz Schmidt (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 30, 1899 by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 7, 2020 by Pascal de Yzaguirre (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Dec 24, 2019 by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 9, 2018 by Matthieu C (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 2, 2019 by Bello Erico (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 21, 2022 by Tatsiana (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 16, 2007 by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Sep 13, 2020 by Jean-Marie Tognola (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 2, 2019 by Bello Erico (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 4, 2020 by vinith vinu (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 25, 2019 by Umair Umair Kazi (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 24, 2021 by Diandra Ridho (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Dec 6, 2020 by barath kumar (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2022 by A V. (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 15, 2021 by pihoshe john (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 28, 2020 by Jordan Kamgno (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 2, 2019 by Bello Erico (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Sep 11, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Jean-Claude ECHARDOUR (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 2, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 1, 2022 by Beate Liebold (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 11, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Jean-Claude ECHARDOUR (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 2, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Bark

Taken Jan 31, 2020 by Vieira do Nascimento Paulo (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 15, 2021 by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 26, 2020 by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 20, 2018 by Goustan Bodin (cc-by-sa)

Taken Feb 20, 2020 by Fred45 (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5353770)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:318562-2)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Arachis hypogaea L.)

Specifications

Growth habit: Forb/herb

Growth

Sowing: Direct seed. If planting indoors, harden seedlings off and transplant once soil is 15-21°C

Row spacing: {‘cm’: 25}

Spread: {‘cm’: 30}