Family: Poaceae
Author: (L.) P.Beauv.
Bibliography: Ess. Agrostogr.: 51 (1812)
Year: 1812
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Setaria
Vegetable: False
Observations: Old World to C. & SE. Australia
Description
Green bristle-grass, scientifically known as Setaria viridis, is a prominent member of the Poaceae family. The initial description and categorization of this plant were documented in Ess. Agrostogr.: 51, published in 1812, with the taxonomic authority attributed to (L.) P. Beauv.
Characterized by its distinctive bristle-like seed heads, Green bristle-grass is a common sight across various landscapes, particularly thriving in disturbed soils. Originating from the Old World, this hardy grass species has demonstrated remarkable adaptability, flourishing extensively in regions extending to Central and Southeastern Australia.
Setaria viridis is renowned for its resilience and ability to colonize diverse environments. It is frequently found along roadsides, in agricultural fields, and in wastelands, where it competes effectively with other vegetation. One notable feature of this plant is its annual life cycle, which enables it to rapidly establish and reproduce within a single growing season.
The spike-like inflorescence, adorned with multiple bristles, is a characteristic feature that aids in seed dispersal, facilitating the widespread distribution of Green bristle-grass. Due to its vigorous growth and competitive nature, Setaria viridis is often regarded as a weed, particularly in areas where it encroaches on cultivated lands.
Despite its classification as a weed, Green bristle-grass plays a crucial role in the ecosystem. It provides ground cover, preventing soil erosion, and serves as a food source for various herbivores. Additionally, its presence can indicate soil fertility levels, as it tends to thrive in nutrient-rich environments.
Understanding the behavior and characteristics of Setaria viridis is essential for managing its impact on agricultural productivity and biodiversity. Research continues to explore effective control measures to mitigate its invasiveness while recognizing the ecological value it contributes to natural habitats.
Common Names
Deu: dickschopfige grüne borstenhirse, gruene borstenhirse, grüne borstenhirse
Eng: green bristle-grass, green bristol-grass, green bristlegrass, green bristle grass, green foxtail, green fox-tail grass
Dan: grøn skærmaks
Fra: moha de hongrie, sétaire verte
Ita: pabbio comune, panicastrella, panico falso
Por: capim-rabo-de-gato, capim-rabo-de-raposa
Nld: groene naaldaar
Nno: grøn busthirse
Nob: grønn busthirse
Swe: kavelhirs, viherpantaheinä, grön kavelhirs, grön kolvhirs
Fin: viherpantaheinä
Cym: cibogwellt gwyrddlas
En: Green Bristle-grass, Green bristlegrass, Green bristol-grass, Green Bristle Grass, Green foxtail, Green fox-tail grass, Green Millet, Green Panic-grass
Ca: Xereix miller
Da: Grøn skærmaks
Nl: Groene naaldaar
Fi: Viherpantaheinä
Fr: Moha de Hongrie, Sétaire verte, Miliasse, Panic vert
De: Dickschopfige Grüne Borstenhirse, Gruene Borstenhirse, Grüne Borstenhirse, Grüner Fennich
He: זיפן ירוק
It: Pabbio comune, Panicastrella, Panico falso, Paníco falso
Nb: Grønn busthirse
Nn: Grøn busthirse
Pt: Capim-rabo-de-gato, Capim-rabo-de-raposa
Es: Almorejo verde
Sv: Kavelhirs, Viherpantaheinä, Grön kavelhirs, Grön kolvhirs
Cy: Cibogwellt Gwyrddlas
Synonyms
- Panicum humile (Thunb. ex Trin.)
- Setaria viridis subsp. nana ((Dumort.) Dumort.)
- Setaria viridis var. robusta-purpurea (M.M.Schreib.)
- Setaria italica var. pachystachys ((Franch. & Sav.) B.Bock)
- Setaria viridis var. prostrata (Albert)
- Pennisetum italicum var. viride ((L.) Körn.)
- Setaria viridis var. maritima (Hara)
- Setaria viridis var. arenosa (Schur)
- Setaria viridis subsp. minor ((Thunb.) T.Koyama)
- Setaria reclinata ((Vill.) Chevall.)
- Setaria pachystachys ((Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.)
- Chaetochloa viridis subvar. lanceolata ((Matsum.) Honda)
- Setaria viridis var. major (Gray)
- Pennisetum viride ((L.) R.Br.)
- Setaria viridis f. pachystachys ((Franch. & Sav.) Makino)
- Setaria viridis var. purpurascens (Peck ex Dudley)
- Panicum viride (L.)
- Setaria viridis var. crypsoides (Touss. & Hoschedé)
- Setaria viridis subsp. purpurascens (Peschkova)
- Setaria viridis var. vivipara ((Bertol.) Parl.)
- Setaria viridis f. nana (Honda)
- Setaria pycnocoma ((Steud.) Henrard ex Nakai)
- Chaetochloa viridis ((L.) Scribn.)
- Setaria viridis subvar. linearis ((Honda) Makino & Nemoto)
- Setaria nana (Dumort.)
- Setaria arenaria (Kitag.)
- Panicum viride var. humifusum (Lej. & Courtois)
- Chaetochloa viridis var. weinmannii ((Roem. & Schult.) House)
- Setaria viridis var. robusta-alba (M.M.Schreib.)
- Chaetochloa comosa ((Steud.) Koidz.)
- Chamaeraphis italica var. viridis ((L.) Kuntze)
- Chamaeraphis viridis ((L.) Millsp.)
- Panicum pachystachys (Franch. & Sav.)
- Panicum bicolor (Moench)
- Panicum viridescens (Steud.)
- Panicum viride var. longisetum (Döll)
- Panicum viride var. rubicundum ((Dumort.) Lej.)
- Setaria viridis var. gigantea ((Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.)
- Panicum qualelinnaei (Krock.)
- Setaria viridis f. weinmannii ((Roem. & Schult.) Neuman)
- Panicum verticillatum var. minus (Thunb.)
- Panicum comosum (Steud.)
- Panicum psilocaulon (Steud.)
- Setaria viridis var. stenostachya (Merino)
- Setaria viridis subsp. weinmannii ((Roem. & Schult.) Tzvelev)
- Setaria viridis var. brevifolia (Honda)
- Setaria ketzchovelii (Menabde & Erizin)
- Setaria italica subsp. pycnocoma ((Steud.) De Wet)
- Setaria viridis var. maior ((Gaudin) Peterm.)
- Setaria viridis var. depressa ((Honda) Kitag.)
- Setaria viridis f. misera (Honda)
- Setaria viridis subsp. glareosa ((Petrov) Peschkova)
- Setaria rubicunda (Dumort.)
- Setaria comosa var. pilosa ((Honda) Honda)
- Setaria viridis var. declinata (F.Gérard)
- Chaetochloa viridis var. breviseta ((Döll) Farw.)
- Setaria viridis var. reclinata ((Vill.) Chevall.)
- Setaria viridis subvar. lanceolata ((Matsum.) Makino & Nemoto)
- Panicum viride var. pygmaeum (Asch. & Graebn.)
- Panicum viride var. gracillimum (Le Gall)
- Setaria viridis var. minor (Ducommun)
- Panicum viride var. aristatum (Pauquy)
- Panicum viride var. giganteum (Franch. & Sav.)
- Setaria viridis f. arenosa ((Schur) Morariu)
- Setaria chlorantha (Schur)
- Chaetochloa viridis var. pachystachys ((Franch. & Sav.) Honda)
- Panicum viride var. brevisetum (Döll)
- Panicum reclinatum (Vill.)
- Chaetochloa gigantea var. pilosa (Honda)
- Setaria viridis var. weinmannii ((Roem. & Schult.) Heynh.)
- Chaetochloa viridis var. japonica (Koidz.)
- Ixophorus viridis ((L.) Nash)
- Setaria italica var. maior ((Gaudin) Ohwi)
- Setaria viridis var. nodiflora (Sacc.)
- Panicum pycnocomum (Steud.)
- Setaria viridis var. recta (F.Gérard)
- Setaria italica var. rubicunda ((Dumort.) Koltz)
- Panicum viride var. nanum (Lej. & Courtois)
- Setaria viridis var. pachystachys ((Franch. & Sav.) Masam. & Yanagita)
- Setaria viridis f. maxima (Matsum.)
- Setariopsis viridis ((L.) Samp.)
- Chaetochloa gigantea var. furcata (Honda)
- Setaria weinmannii (Roem. & Schult.)
- Setaria viridis var. laevigata (Schur)
- Setaria viridis var. ramosa (Goiran)
- Chaetochloa viridis var. maior ((Gaudin) Farw.)
- Setaria fallax (Lojac.)
- Setaria gigantea ((Franch. & Sav.) Makino)
- Panicum laevigatum (Lam.)
- Setaria purpurascens (Opiz)
- Setaria pachystachys var. lanceolata (Matsum.)
- Setaria viridis var. pilosa (Hara)
- Panicum viride var. maius (Gaudin)
- Setaria depressa (Honda)
- Setaria viridis subsp. pycnocoma ((Steud.) Tzvelev)
- Panicum viride var. semiaristatum (Pauquy)
- Setaria viridis var. japonica ((Koidz.) Honda)
- Panicum viride var. viviparum (Bertol.)
- Setaria maximowiczii (Tzvelev & Prob.)
- Panicum viride var. triangulare (Pauquy)
- Setaria viridis subsp. pachystachys ((Franch. & Sav.) Masam. & Yanagita)
- Setaria italica subsp. weinmannii ((Roem. & Schult.) B.Bock)
- Panicum viride var. weinmannii ((Roem. & Schult.) Asch. & Graebn.)
- Chaetochloa gigantea ((Franch. & Sav.) Honda)
- Setaria italica subsp. viridis ((L.) Thell.)
- Setaria viridis var. angustifolia (Y.N.Lee)
- Setaria viridis var. colorata (Martrin-Donos)
- Setaria viridis f. japonica ((Koidz.) Ohwi)
- Panicum italicum var. viride ((L.) Körn.)
- Setaria viridis var. secunda (Beck)
- Setaria viridis f. pygmaea ((Asch. & Graebn.) Junge)
- Setaria gigantea var. pilosa ((Honda) Makino & Nemoto)
- Setaria viridis subvar. rufescens (Honda)
- Setaria comosa ((Steud.) Miq.)
- Panicum viride f. pygmaeum (Asch. & Graebn.)
- Chaetochloa viridis var. minor ((W.D.J.Koch) Farw.)
- Chaetochloa viridis subvar. linearis (Honda)
- Setaria glareosa (Petrov)
- Setaria viridis var. breviseta ((Döll) Hitchc.)
Distribution
- Afghanistan (native)
- Albania (native)
- Algeria (native)
- Altay (native)
- Amur (native)
- Austria (native)
- Baleares (native)
- Bangladesh (native)
- Belgium (native)
- Bulgaria (native)
- Buryatiya (native)
- Cambodia (native)
- Canary Is. (native)
- Chad (native)
- China North-Central (native)
- China South-Central (native)
- China Southeast (native)
- Chita (native)
- Corse (native)
- Cyprus (native)
- Czechoslovakia (native)
- East Aegean Is. (native)
- East Himalaya (native)
- Egypt (native)
- France (native)
- Germany (native)
- Greece (native)
- Gulf States (native)
- Hungary (native)
- Inner Mongolia (native)
- Iran (native)
- Iraq (native)
- Irkutsk (native)
- Italy (native)
- Japan (native)
- Kazakhstan (native)
- Khabarovsk (native)
- Kirgizstan (native)
- Korea (native)
- Krasnoyarsk (native)
- Kriti (native)
- Krym (native)
- Kuril Is. (native)
- Kuwait (native)
- Lebanon-Syria (native)
- Lesser Sunda Is. (native)
- Libya (native)
- Madeira (native)
- Manchuria (native)
- Mauritania (native)
- Mongolia (native)
- Morocco (native)
- Myanmar (native)
- Nansei-shoto (native)
- Nepal (native)
- Netherlands (native)
- New Guinea (native)
- New South Wales (native)
- Niger (native)
- North Caucasus (native)
- Northern Territory (native)
- Oman (native)
- Pakistan (native)
- Palestine (native)
- Philippines (native)
- Poland (native)
- Portugal (native)
- Primorye (native)
- Qinghai (native)
- Queensland (native)
- Romania (native)
- Sakhalin (native)
- Sardegna (native)
- Saudi Arabia (native)
- Sicilia (native)
- Sinai (native)
- South Australia (native)
- South European Russi (native)
- Spain (native)
- Sudan (native)
- Sumatera (native)
- Switzerland (native)
- Tadzhikistan (native)
- Taiwan (native)
- Tasmania (native)
- Thailand (native)
- Tibet (native)
- Transcaucasus (native)
- Tunisia (native)
- Turkey (native)
- Turkey-in-Europe (native)
- Turkmenistan (native)
- Tuva (native)
- Ukraine (native)
- Uzbekistan (native)
- Victoria (native)
- Vietnam (native)
- West Himalaya (native)
- West Siberia (native)
- Xinjiang (native)
- Yakutskiya (native)
- Yugoslavia (native)
- Alabama (introduced)
- Alberta (introduced)
- Argentina Northeast (introduced)
- Argentina Northwest (introduced)
- Argentina South (introduced)
- Arizona (introduced)
- Arkansas (introduced)
- Azores (introduced)
- Baltic States (introduced)
- Belarus (introduced)
- Bermuda (introduced)
- Brazil North (introduced)
- Brazil Northeast (introduced)
- Brazil South (introduced)
- Brazil Southeast (introduced)
- Brazil West-Central (introduced)
- British Columbia (introduced)
- California (introduced)
- Central European Rus (introduced)
- Chatham Is. (introduced)
- Chile Central (introduced)
- Chile North (introduced)
- Colorado (introduced)
- Connecticut (introduced)
- Costa Rica (introduced)
- Delaware (introduced)
- Denmark (introduced)
- District of Columbia (introduced)
- East European Russia (introduced)
- Finland (introduced)
- Florida (introduced)
- Georgia (introduced)
- Great Britain (introduced)
- Idaho (introduced)
- Illinois (introduced)
- Indiana (introduced)
- Iowa (introduced)
- Jawa (introduced)
- Kansas (introduced)
- Kentucky (introduced)
- Louisiana (introduced)
- Maine (introduced)
- Manitoba (introduced)
- Maryland (introduced)
- Masachusettes (introduced)
- Mexico Central (introduced)
- Mexico Gulf (introduced)
- Mexico Northeast (introduced)
- Mexico Northwest (introduced)
- Mexico Southeast (introduced)
- Michigan (introduced)
- Minnesota (introduced)
- Mississippi (introduced)
- Missouri (introduced)
- Montana (introduced)
- Nebraska (introduced)
- Nevada (introduced)
- New Brunswick (introduced)
- New Hampshire (introduced)
- New Jersey (introduced)
- New Mexico (introduced)
- New York (introduced)
- New Zealand North (introduced)
- New Zealand South (introduced)
- Newfoundland (introduced)
- North Carolina (introduced)
- North Dakota (introduced)
- North European Russi (introduced)
- Northwest European R (introduced)
- Northwest Territorie (introduced)
- Norway (introduced)
- Nova Scotia (introduced)
- Ohio (introduced)
- Oklahoma (introduced)
- Ontario (introduced)
- Oregon (introduced)
- Panamá (introduced)
- Pennsylvania (introduced)
- Prince Edward I. (introduced)
- Québec (introduced)
- Saskatchewan (introduced)
- South Carolina (introduced)
- South Dakota (introduced)
- Sweden (introduced)
- Tennessee (introduced)
- Texas (introduced)
- Uruguay (introduced)
- Utah (introduced)
- Vermont (introduced)
- Virginia (introduced)
- Washington (introduced)
- West Virginia (introduced)
- Wisconsin (introduced)
- Wyoming (introduced)
- Yukon (introduced)
Additional Images
Flower
Taken Oct 28, 2012 by Pedro Gaspar (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 28, 2012 by Pedro Gaspar (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 27, 2018 by Mehmet Basbag (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 9, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Adrien DUMON (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 3, 2017 by Mehmet Basbag (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Jul 31, 2019 by Farfa-Délik (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 6, 2022 by @hiddennature1973 nasim (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 3, 2019 by André Beyer (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 8, 2021 by 道草 (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 10, 2019 by KB Sandy (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Aug 8, 2020 by Julia (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 27, 2022 by Petr Harant (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 25, 2022 by Ilaria Mosti (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 31, 2019 by Iva (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 24, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Daniel CAHEN (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Aug 1, 2021 by Jörg Vollerthum (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 6, 2020 by PalmOilFree (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 2, 2022 by walter Diaz (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 16, 2022 by Johan Oostveen (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 3, 2019 by André Beyer (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Bark
Taken Jul 12, 2022 by 道草 (cc-by-sa)
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1171009-2)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5289684)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv.)
Specifications
Growth habit: Graminoid
Growth
Ph maximum: 5.5
Ph minimum: 5.0
Light: 8
Atmospheric humidity: 4
Soil nutriments: 7
