Family: Oleaceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 8 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Phillyrea
Vegetable: False
Observations: Medit.
Description
The Green olive tree, scientifically known as Phillyrea latifolia, is a distinctive member of the Oleaceae family. First documented in 1753, this evergreen species boasts a long-standing history rooted in the Mediterranean region.
Renowned for its resilience, the Green olive tree thrives in a variety of environments, from sandy coastal regions to rocky mountainous terrains. Its adaptability is a testament to the hardiness typical of Mediterranean flora. The tree features lush, dark green foliage, with leaves that are broad and glossy, providing a rich canopy that is both aesthetically pleasing and beneficial for local ecosystems.
Phillyrea latifolia plays a crucial role in its habitat. As a native species, it supports local wildlife by offering shelter and food sources, particularly through its small, yet significant, berry-like drupes. These fruits are a vital food source for birds and various small mammals, reinforcing the tree’s importance within its native ecological community.
Furthermore, the Green olive tree is often appreciated in horticultural landscapes for its ornamental value. Its dense, evergreen leaves make it an excellent choice for hedges and screens, providing year-round privacy and green coverage. In addition, the tree’s robust nature ensures it requires minimal maintenance once established, making it a favored choice for sustainable and low-maintenance gardening.
The historical and botanical significance of the Green olive tree is well documented in Carl Linnaeus’s Species Plantarum published in 1753, where it was first aptly described and classified. This authoritative work laid the foundation for modern botanical nomenclature and taxonomy, and Phillyrea latifolia stands as an enduring part of that legacy.
In summary, the Green olive tree is a remarkable species esteemed for its durability, ecological contributions, and ornamental beauty. Its profound connection to the Mediterranean landscape endears it to both botanists and gardeners alike, ensuring its continued appreciation and preservation.
Common Names
Swe: bredbladig stenlind
En: Green Olive Tree, Phillyrea
Ar: زرود عريض الأوراق
Az: Еnliyаrpаq fillirеyа
Eu: Gartxu hostozabal
Bg: Грипа
Ca: Aladern de fulla ampla, Aladern fals, Fals Aladern
Fi: Leveäpiipensas
Fr: Alavert à larges feuilles, Filaire à feuilles larges, Alavert à feuilles larges, Filaire à larges feuilles, Filaria à feuilles larges, Filaria à larges feuilles
De: Breitblättrige Steinlinde
He: בר זית בינוני, בר-זית בינוני
Hu: Keleti korallkígyó
It: Filaria, IlatroC comune, Lilatro, Ilatro comune
Oc: Aladèrn de fuèlha larga
Pl: Filirea szerokolistna
Pt: Aderno-de-folhas-largas
Es: Aderno
Sv: Bredbladig stenlind
: Green olive tree
Synonyms
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. degenii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea barceloi subsp. flahaultiana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. verdagueri (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. rotundifolia (Rehder)
- Phillyrea spinosa (Mill.)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. sanmiguelis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. flichei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. stricta ((Bertol.) Sennen)
- Phillyrea hybrida (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. closiana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea buxifolia ((Aiton) Link)
- Phillyrea variabilis subsp. stricta ((Bertol.) Arcang.)
- Phillyrea isabelis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. oblongifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea spinosa var. latifolia (Tausch)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. montserratensis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. fontqueri (Sennen & Mauricio)
- Phillyrea pachyphylla subsp. augustinii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. serrata (Tausch)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. prunellifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. neriifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia f. spinosa ((Mill.) Rehder)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. forestieri (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. virgata (Aiton)
- Phillyrea quercifolia subsp. xavieri (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. mezerifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. sallentii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. heribaudii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. valdesulcata (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. dionysiana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea mucronata var. lanceolata (Tausch)
- Phillyrea foliosa (Sennen)
- Phillyrea vulgaris (Caruel)
- Phillyrea quercifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea nerifolia-media (Sennen)
- Phillyrea mucronata (Tausch)
- Phillyrea latifolia subsp. orientalis (Sébastian)
- Phillyrea cordifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea oleifolia (Mill.)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. tortesii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. reynieri (Sennen)
- Phillyrea levis (Ten.)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. buxifolia ((Aiton) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch)
- Phillyrea divaricata (Vis.)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. gaudiana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia (Link)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. caballeroi (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. bercialis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia subsp. stricta ((Bertol.) Rouy)
- Phillyrea medianifolia var. costei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia f. buxifolia ((Aiton) Schelle)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. allorgeana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea obliqua ((Aiton) Willd.)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. spinosa ((Mill.) Aiton)
- Phillyrea variabilis (Timb.-Lagr. & Loret)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. loretii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. grandifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea valentina (Sennen)
- Phillyrea colmeiroana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia var. buxifolia ((Aiton) Sennen)
- Phillyrea quercifolia subsp. floribunda (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. sagarrae (Sennen)
- Phillyrea rubioana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea bolivaris (Sennen)
- Phillyrea prunellifolia-media (Sennen)
- Phillyrea ilicifolia (Willd.)
- Phillyrea cadevallii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea jahandiezii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. vinyalsii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. integrifolia (Tausch)
- Phillyrea martini (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. martonnei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. pendula (Aiton)
- Phillyrea latifolia subsp. rodriguezii ((P.Monts.) Romo)
- Phillyrea arbutifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea fontserei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea pendula ((Aiton) Willd.)
- Phillyrea virgata ((Aiton) Willd.)
- Phillyrea coriacea (Link)
- Phillyrea olleri (Sennen)
- Phillyrea mucronata var. serrata (Tausch)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. fernandii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. navasii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia var. corsica (Sennen)
- Phillyrea ellipticifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea quercifolia subsp. hickelis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. jorroi (Sennen & Mauricio)
- Phillyrea vulgaris var. latifolia ((L.) Caruel)
- Phillyrea variabilis var. latifolia ((L.) Parl.)
- Phillyrea barceloi subsp. moraudii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. maireana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. salvadoris (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. alaternifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subvar. stroblii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. vidalii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. frondosa (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. gonzaleziana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia subsp. media ((L.) P.Fourn.)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. maurorum (Sennen)
- Phillyrea laevis subsp. gastonis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. unamunoana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea bolivaris subsp. foliosa (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. castellana-media (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. buxifolia (Aiton)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. laguardae (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. luciae (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia f. ilicifolia ((Willd.) Schelle)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. castellana (Sennen & Elías)
- Phillyrea cordifolia var. strobli (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. obliqua (Aiton)
- Phillyrea pedunculata (Bory & Chaub.)
- Phillyrea latifolia subsp. daninii (Valdés)
- Phillyrea barceloi (Sennen)
- Phillyrea ellipticifolia subsp. bordoyana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea jordani-media (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. ilicifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. barrerae (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. vayedana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. oleifolia ((Mill.) Aiton)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. heracliana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea ligustrifolia (L.)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. pujiulae (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. paui (Sennen)
- Phillyrea oblongifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea daveauana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. virgata ((Aiton) Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. vallisvidrerae (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. danielis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. media ((L.) DC.)
- Phillyrea media var. rodriguezii (P.Monts.)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. souliei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. rodriguezii ((P.Monts.) O.Bolòs & Vigo)
- Phillyrea medianifolia f. majorifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea laevis (Münchh.)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. rabassaletana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia f. rotundifolia ((Rehder) Rehder)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. laevis ((Münchh.) Aiton)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. microdonta (Sennen)
- Phillyrea barceloi subsp. marcetii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. burnatii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. grandifolia (Alleiz.)
- Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. latifolia ((L.) Maire)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. laurifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea trabutii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia var. diazii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea stricta (Bertol.)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. andreuana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea spinosa var. angustifolia (Tausch)
- Phillyrea grandifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media (L.)
- Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. rodriguezii ((P.Monts.) Rivas Mart.)
- Phillyrea integrifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. briquetii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea caroli (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. rigoi (Sennen)
- Phillyrea barceloi subsp. knochei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. cneorifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia var. anselmii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia var. ilicifolia ((Willd.) DC.)
- Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. media ((L.) Bonnier & Layens)
- Phillyrea major (Zumagl.)
- Phillyrea spinosa var. grandidentata (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. puigii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. parlatorei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. ligustrifolia ((L.) Aiton)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. crenatifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. timbalii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea racemosa (Link)
- Phillyrea cordifolia var. kebdanensis (Sennen & Mauricio)
- Phillyrea barrandonis (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia var. balearica (Sennen)
- Phillyrea media var. oleaefolia ((Mill.) Aiton)
- Phillyrea obtusata (Link)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. pardilloana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. sudrei (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. patxoti (Sennen)
- Phillyrea aeolica (Tineo ex Lojac.)
- Phillyrea pachyphylla (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. webbiana (Sennen)
- Phillyrea latifolia f. pendula ((Aiton) Rehder)
- Phillyrea mucronata var. dentata (Tausch)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. jordanii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea subangustifolia var. oleastrifolia (Sennen)
- Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. aguilaris (Sennen)
- Phillyrea longifolia subsp. tournefortii (Sennen)
- Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. fernandezii (Sennen)
Distribution
- Albania (native)
- Algeria (native)
- Baleares (native)
- Bulgaria (native)
- Corse (native)
- Cyprus (native)
- East Aegean Is. (native)
- France (native)
- Greece (native)
- Italy (native)
- Kriti (native)
- Lebanon-Syria (native)
- Libya (native)
- Morocco (native)
- Palestine (native)
- Portugal (native)
- Sardegna (native)
- Sicilia (native)
- Spain (native)
- Tunisia (native)
- Turkey (native)
- Turkey-in-Europe (native)
- Yugoslavia (native)
- Canary Is. (introduced)
Additional Images
Fruit
Taken Dec 26, 2021 by Vincent Corbière (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 10, 2020 by Karin Walter (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 24, 2021 by Nick Henson (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 12, 2021 by Aytaç Kurtuba (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 24, 2017 by pablocuesta92 (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Jan 30, 2022 by nicolas sauvion (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 20, 2020 by Nicolas Vabre (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 13, 2022 by mattia negro brida (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 10, 2020 by Karin Walter (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 24, 2020 by flora et Johann (cc-by-sa)
Flower
Taken Mar 14, 2021 by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Taken Feb 22, 1997 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 6, 2022 by Jacques Julien (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 30, 2022 by nicolas sauvion (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 30, 2022 by nicolas sauvion (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Aug 17, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Patrick LEBOULENGER (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 20, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Denis NESPOULOUS (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 13, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Jean-Pascal MILCENT (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 11, 2021 by Denis SABATIER (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 22, 2022 by Raffaello 2 Garofalo (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken May 29, 2020 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 7, 2021 by Dabronzo Carlo (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 11, 2009 by Tela Botanica − garcia (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 20, 2017 by Simon Popy (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 14, 2021 by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Mar 13, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Mathias CHOUET (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 13, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Mathias CHOUET (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 7, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Vicent Escandell (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 9, 2017 by Mané DTP (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 16, 2017 by Paolo (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/7325923)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610971-1)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Phillyrea latifolia L.)
Specifications
Growth habit: Tree
Growth
Ph maximum: 6.5
Ph minimum: 5.5
Light: 5
Atmospheric humidity: 4
Soil nutriments: 5
