Hemp-nettle (Galeopsis ladanum, Sp. Pl.: 579 (1753))

Family: Lamiaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 579 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Galeopsis

Vegetable: False

Observations: Europe to C. Asia

Description

Hemp-nettle, scientifically known as Galeopsis ladanum, is a remarkable plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. First documented in 1753, this plant has since captured the attention of botanists and plant enthusiasts alike.

Hemp-nettle thrives across a broad geographical range, stretching from the diverse climates of Europe all the way to Central Asia. This adaptability speaks to its resilience and ability to flourish in various environmental conditions.

The striking appearance of Hemp-nettle makes it easily identifiable. Typically, it bears square stems common to members of the Lamiaceae family, adorned with pairs of opposite leaves that can vary from lanceolate to oblong in shape. The leaves’ surface is often covered with fine, bristly hairs, lending a slightly rough texture to the touch.

One of the most distinguishing features of Galeopsis ladanum is its blossom. The plant produces an array of tubular flowers which can exhibit a palette of colors including shades of pink, purple, and white. These flowers are usually bilaterally symmetrical and possess two distinct lips—an upper hooded lip and a lower spreading lip—which aid in attracting pollinators.

Hemp-nettle’s ecological role is also noteworthy. It serves as a forage plant for various insects, particularly bees, which are attracted to its nectar-laden flowers. This interaction is beneficial for the ecosystem, promoting the pollination of numerous other plant species within its habitat.

While it’s a valuable component of its natural environment, Galeopsis ladanum is also of interest in herbalism and traditional medicine. It has been historically utilized for its purported medicinal properties, although such uses should be approached with caution and under professional guidance.

In summary, Hemp-nettle, or Galeopsis ladanum, represents a fascinating example of botanical resilience and ecological significance. This plant’s presence from Europe to Central Asia underscores its adaptability and role within diverse ecosystems, making it a subject worthy of further study and appreciation.

Common Names

Deu: acker-hohlzahn, breitblättriger hohlzahn
Eng: broadleaf hemp-nettle, hemp-nettle, red hempnettle, broad-leaved hemp-nettle, red hemp-nettle
Dan: sand-hanekro
Nld: brede raai
Nno: dundå
Nob: dundå
Fra: galéopsis ladanum, galéopside ladanum
Ces: konopice širolistá, ziabor širokolistý
Swe: mjukdån, pehmytpillike
Fin: pehmytpillike
En: Hemp-nettle, Broadleaf hemp-nettle, Red hempnettle, Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle, Red hemp-nettle
Cs: Konopice širolistá, Ziabor širokolistý
Da: Sand-hanekro
Nl: Brede raai, Brede Hennepnetel, Smalbladige Raai
Fi: Pehmytpillike
Fr: Galéopsis ladanum, Galéopside ladanum, Galéopsis intermédiaire, Chanvre sauvage, Chariette sauvage, Crapaudine des champs, Ortie rouge
De: Acker-Hohlzahn, Breitblättriger Hohlzahn
It: Canapetta a foglie strette, Canapetta violacea
Nb: Dundå
Nn: Dundå
Sv: Mjukdån, Pehmytpillike

Synonyms

• Galeopsis ladanum subsp. angustifolia (Ehrh.)
• Ladanella ladanum ((L.) Pouzar & Slavíková)
• Dalanum ladanum ((L.) Dostál)
• Lamium ladanum ((L.) Crantz)
• Tetrahit ladanum ((L.) Moench)

Distribution

• Albania (native)
• Altay (native)
• Austria (native)
• Baltic States (native)
• Belarus (native)
• Belgium (native)
• Bulgaria (native)
• Buryatiya (native)
• Central European Rus (native)
• Corse (native)
• Czechoslovakia (native)
• Denmark (native)
• East European Russia (native)
• Finland (native)
• France (native)
• Germany (native)
• Greece (native)
• Hungary (native)
• Irkutsk (native)
• Italy (native)
• Kamchatka (native)
• Khabarovsk (native)
• Kirgizstan (native)
• Krasnoyarsk (native)
• Krym (native)
• Netherlands (native)
• North Caucasus (native)
• North European Russi (native)
• Northwest European R (native)
• Norway (native)
• Poland (native)
• Primorye (native)
• Romania (native)
• Sakhalin (native)
• South European Russi (native)
• Spain (native)
• Sweden (native)
• Switzerland (native)
• Transcaucasus (native)
• Turkey (native)
• Tuva (native)
• Ukraine (native)
• Uzbekistan (native)
• West Siberia (native)
• Yakutskiya (native)
• Yugoslavia (native)
• Colorado (introduced)
• Connecticut (introduced)
• Illinois (introduced)
• Indiana (introduced)
• Magadan (introduced)
• Maine (introduced)
• Manitoba (introduced)
• Masachusettes (introduced)
• Michigan (introduced)
• New Brunswick (introduced)
• New York (introduced)
• New Zealand South (introduced)
• Ohio (introduced)
• Pennsylvania (introduced)
• Québec (introduced)
• Rhode I. (introduced)
• Vermont (introduced)

Additional Images

Habit

Taken Oct 14, 2020 by Frederic Vieilledent (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 19, 2021 by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 6, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Liliane Roubaudi (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 14, 2017 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 14, 2017 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Sep 8, 2018 by Alfonso Muro (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 22, 2021 by Boon Daniel (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 4, 2018 by Víctor Huete (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 3, 2021 by Totis (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 8, 2018 by Alfonso Muro (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Sep 29, 2020 by Anne Joulia (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 1, 2022 by niko gammer (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 6, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Liliane Roubaudi (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 6, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Liliane Roubaudi (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 21, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Aug 18, 2021 by Feya Sterling (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 9, 2022 by Marta Paplińska (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 14, 2017 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 14, 2017 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 14, 2017 by Tela Botanica − Liliane ROUBAUDI (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Jul 11, 2020 by Dominik Zentgraf (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 7, 2008 by Tela Botanica − Daniel MATHIEU (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Jul 15, 2008 by Photoflora – Benoit BOCK (©)

Taken Jun 30, 1873 by Tela Botanica − Herbier PONTARLIER-MARICHAL (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 7, 2005 by Tela Botanica − Laurent PETIT (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 15, 2001 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)

Taken Jul 1, 2014 by Tela Botanica − Marie PORTAS (cc-by-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5341309)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:447083-1)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Galeopsis ladanum L.)

Specifications

Growth habit: Forb/herb

Growth

Ph maximum: 8.0

Ph minimum: 7.5

Light: 8

Atmospheric humidity: 5

Bloom months: [‘jul’, ‘aug’, ‘sep’, ‘oct’]

Soil nutriments: 4