Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur, Sp. Pl.: 996 (1753))

Family: Fagaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 996 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Quercus

Vegetable: False

Observations: Europe to Iran

Description

The Pedunculate oak, scientifically known as Quercus robur, is a prominent species belonging to the Fagaceae family. This majestic tree has a storied history and extensive distribution, having been documented as far back as 1753 by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal work, “Species Plantarum.”

The Pedunculate oak is native to a wide range that spans from Europe to Iran, showcasing its remarkable adaptability to various climates and terrains. This widespread presence underscores its ecological importance and versatility. The tree is often found in mixed forests, where it plays a critical role in supporting diverse ecosystems.

Characterized by its robust stature, the Pedunculate oak can grow to impressive heights, with some specimens reaching up to 40 meters. The tree is easily recognizable by its deeply lobed, dark green leaves and its distinctive acorns, which dangle from long stalks called peduncles—hence its common name. The bark of the Pedunculate oak is thick and rugged, providing a protective layer that contributes to its longevity and resilience.

Ecologically, the Pedunculate oak serves as a keystone species in many habitats. Its acorns are a vital food source for wildlife, including birds, small mammals, and insects. The tree’s extensive root system helps to stabilize soil and maintain the health of the forest floor, preventing erosion and promoting nutrient cycling.

In addition to its ecological significance, the Pedunculate oak has been a valuable resource for humans for centuries. Its durable wood has been used in construction, shipbuilding, and furniture making, prized for its strength and resistance to decay. The tree also holds cultural and historical importance in many regions, often featuring in folklore, literature, and art.

Overall, the Pedunculate oak is a remarkable species that exemplifies the intrinsic connection between nature and human society. Its long-standing presence across vast geographical areas highlights both its ecological indispensability and its cultural resonance.

Common Names

Dan: almindelig eg, stilk-eg
Mlt: balluta ingliža
Eng: english oak, european oak, pedunculate oak, common oak
Deu: stiel-eiche, stieleiche
Spa: carvalheiro
Por: carvalho, carvalho-comum, carvalho-da-europa, carvalho-europeu, carvalho-inglês
Fra: chêne pédonculé
Nor: eck, eik
Swe: metsätammi, pelarek, skogsek, ek, sommarek, stjälkek
Fin: metsätammi
Nno: sommareik
Nob: sommereik
Nld: zomereik
Cym: derwen goesog, derwen gyffredin, derwen mes coesynnog, dâr
Rus: dub cereščatyj
En: Pedunculate oak, English oak, European oak, French oak, Truffle Oak, Čââʹrrmuõrr, Common Oak, Acorn Tree, English Oack
Af: Steeleik
Ar: سنديان قوي
Hy: Կաղնի ամառային
Az: Yay palıdı
Eu: Haritz kandudun
Be: Дуб звычайны, Дуб летні
Bs: Hrast lužnjak
Bg: Обикновен дъб
Ca: Roure pènol
Zh: Xia li, 夏栎
Cv: Ахаль юман
Kw: Dar
Hr: Hrast lužnjak
Cs: Dub letní, Křemelák
Da: Stilk-Eg, Almindelig eg
Nl: Zomereik, Zomer Eik
Eo: Tigfrukta kverko
Et: Harilik tamm
Fi: Metsätammi
Fr: Chêne pédonculé, Chêne à grappes, Chêne femelle, Gravelin, Chêne rouvre
Gl: Carballo, Carballo común
De: Stiel-Eiche, Deutsche Eiche, Sommereiche, Stieleiche, Früheiche, Raseneiche, Sommer-Eiche
El: Ρουπακοβελανιδιά
He: אלון אנגלי
Hu: Kocsányos tölgy
Is: Sumareik
Io: Rovro
Ga: Dair ghallda
It: Farnia, Eschia, Quercia comune, Quercia farnia, Rovere
Kk: Кәдімгі емен
Ko: 로부르참나무
Lv: Parastais ozols
Lt: Paprastasis ąžuolas
Lb: Stilleech
Mk: Стежер
Mt: Balluta ingliža
Se: Eaika
No: Sommareik, Sommereik, Eck, Eik
Nb: Sommereik
Nn: Sommareik
Fa: بلوط قرمز اروپایی
Pl: Dąb, Dąb szypułkowy
Pt: Carvalho-roble, Carvalho, Carvalho-comum, Carvalho-da-europa, Carvalho-europeu, Carvalho-inglês
Pt-br: Carvalho-roble
Qu: K’aspicha ruwli
Ro: Stejar
Rm: Ruver cumin
Ru: Dub čereščatyj, Дуб черешчатый, Dub Cereščatyj
Sr: Лужњак
Sk: Dub letný
Es: Roble, Dob, Roble carballo, Roble común, Carvalheiro, Roble pedonculado, Carballo
Sv: Pelarek, Skogsek, Ek, Metsätammi, Sommarek, Stjälkek
Zh-tw: 夏櫟
Zh-hant: 夏櫟
Tr: Saplı meşe
Uk: Дуб звичайний
Cy: Derwen mes coesynnog, Derwen Goesog, Derwen Gyffredin, Dâr

Synonyms

• Quercus robur var. vulgaris (A.DC.)
• Quercus robur subsp. eurobur (A.Camus)
• Quercus robur var. typica (Beck)
• Quercus longaeva (Salisb.)
• Quercus robur subsp. longipeduncula (Ehrh.)

Distribution

• Albania (native)
• Altay (native)
• Austria (native)
• Baltic States (native)
• Belarus (native)
• Belgium (native)
• Bulgaria (native)
• Central European Rus (native)
• Corse (native)
• Czechoslovakia (native)
• Denmark (native)
• East European Russia (native)
• Finland (native)
• France (native)
• Germany (native)
• Great Britain (native)
• Greece (native)
• Hungary (native)
• Iran (native)
• Ireland (native)
• Italy (native)
• Kriti (native)
• Krym (native)
• Netherlands (native)
• North Caucasus (native)
• North European Russi (native)
• Northwest European R (native)
• Norway (native)
• Poland (native)
• Portugal (native)
• Romania (native)
• Sardegna (native)
• Sicilia (native)
• South European Russi (native)
• Spain (native)
• Sweden (native)
• Switzerland (native)
• Transcaucasus (native)
• Turkey (native)
• Turkey-in-Europe (native)
• Ukraine (native)
• Yugoslavia (native)
• British Columbia (introduced)
• Canary Is. (introduced)
• Cape Provinces (introduced)
• Colorado (introduced)
• Free State (introduced)
• Kentucky (introduced)
• KwaZulu-Natal (introduced)
• Lesotho (introduced)
• Madeira (introduced)
• New Brunswick (introduced)
• New York (introduced)
• New Zealand North (introduced)
• New Zealand South (introduced)
• Nova Scotia (introduced)
• Prince Edward I. (introduced)
• Réunion (introduced)
• St.Helena (introduced)

Additional Images

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Habit

Taken Nov 3, 2021 by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 25, 2022 by Joey F (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 7, 2021 by Dabronzo Carlo (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 28, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 25, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Nov 3, 2021 by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 25, 2022 by Joey F (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 7, 2021 by Dabronzo Carlo (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 28, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 25, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Jan 22, 2020 by hold3n (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 28, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 25, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 29, 2017 by Gym Skuteč (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 31, 2020 by Rahlff Odd-Wiking (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Sep 25, 2022 by Joey F (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 13, 2020 by frederico (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 9, 2017 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jan 10, 2018 by Sarah Cunningham (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 9, 2017 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Sep 19, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 3, 2020 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 13, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Dec 30, 2021 by Em Em Do (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 4, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Taken Apr 18, 2020 by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 25, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 7, 2021 by Antoine Antoine Agostini (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 28, 2020 by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Taken May 23, 2021 by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:304293-2)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2878688)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Quercus robur L.)

Specifications

Growth habit: Tree

Growth

Ph maximum: 6.5

Ph minimum: 5.5

Light: 7

Atmospheric humidity: 5

Bloom months: [‘apr’, ‘may’]

Soil nutriments: 5