Tree fern black (Sphaeropteris medullaris, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 122 (1801))

Family: Cyatheaceae

Author: (G.Forst.) Bernh.

Bibliography: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 122 (1801)

Year: 1801

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Sphaeropteris

Vegetable: False

Observations: New Zealand to S. Pacific

Description

Tree fern black, scientifically known as Sphaeropteris medullaris, is a striking and majestic fern that captivates with its unique structural beauty and vital composition. This species hails predominantly from regions spanning New Zealand to the South Pacific, thriving in its native tropical and subtropical environments.

Belonging to the Cyatheaceae family, the tree fern black is notable for its hardy trunk and lush, arching fronds that can extend several meters in length. The term “black” in its common name refers to the distinctive dark coloration of its trunk and stems, which set it apart from other tree ferns.

The origins of its scientific documentation trace back to the early 19th century. J. Bot. (Schrader) first described the tree fern black in the 1800 publication with the authoritative naming and classification provided by (G.Forst.) Bernh. in 1801. This early botanical record underscores its longstanding recognition and significance in botanical studies.

Tree fern black is an important component of forest ecosystems, often found in damp, shaded areas where it contributes to the lush canopy and undergrowth. Its towering fronds provide shelter and habitat for various species, playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity. Additionally, this fern is a favored subject in horticulture and landscaping for its dramatic appearance and relatively low maintenance needs, assuming the appropriate conditions of moisture and dappled sunlight are met.

The Sphaeropteris medullaris reflects both resilience and elegance, embodying the ancient lineage of ferns that have persisted through centuries of ecological changes. Its presence in both natural habitats and cultivated gardens continues to enchant botanists, ecologists, and nature enthusiasts alike.

Common Names

Mri: korau
En: Tree Fern Black, Tree Fern Sago
Ar: كياثون جماري
Mi: Mamaku, Korau
: Tree fern black

Synonyms

• Polypodium medullare (G.Forst.)
• Cyathea medullaris ((G.Forst.) Sw.)
• Cyathea cumingii (Baker)
• Cyathea polyneuron (Colenso)

Distribution

• Chatham Is. (native)
• Fiji (native)
• Marquesas (native)
• New Zealand North (native)
• New Zealand South (native)
• Pitcairn Is. (native)
• Society Is. (native)
• Tubuai Is. (native)
• Madeira (introduced)

Additional Images

Leaf

Taken Sep 22, 2021 by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 13, 2022 by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 13, 2022 by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 13, 2022 by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Apr 13, 2022 by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17223270-1)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5529626)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Sphaeropteris medullaris (G. Forst.) Bernh.)

Specifications

Growth