Categories: Fabaceae

Umbrella-thorn (Vachellia tortilis, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 149: 150 (2008))

Family: Fabaceae

Author: (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi

Bibliography: Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 149: 150 (2008)

Year: 2008

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Vachellia

Vegetable: False

Observations: Africa, Sinai to Arabian Pen.

Description

The Umbrella-thorn, scientifically known as Vachellia tortilis, is a uniquely adaptable species of tree predominantly found across various regions of Africa, from the extensive savannas to the arid zones of the Sinai and the Arabian Peninsula. Bearing its place in the diverse Fabaceae family, this resilient plant plays an integral role in its native ecosystems.

The Umbrella-thorn is distinctive for its characteristic wide-spreading, umbrella-shaped canopy, which provides essential shade and shelter in the dry, sun-scorched landscapes it inhabits. This canopy structure is a crucial adaptation, enabling the tree to withstand the harsh climatic conditions of its natural habitats.

Vachellia tortilis is well known for its thorny branches, which serve as a formidable defense mechanism against herbivores. Despite the formidable appearance, it is a valued member of the ecosystem, contributing to soil stabilization and providing a critical habitat for various forms of wildlife. Its dense foliage acts as a shelter for numerous bird species, and its pods are an important food source for animals such as giraffes and antelopes.

One of the defining features of the Umbrella-thorn is its extensive root system which allows the tree to reach deep underground water sources. This adaptation not only supports the tree during prolonged dry periods but also helps in the overall water cycle within these arid environments.

Moreover, Vachellia tortilis plays a significant role in human livelihoods. Historically and presently, parts of the tree are utilized in traditional medicine, and its wood is frequently used for fuel and construction due to its durability. The thorny branches often serve as natural fencing materials for livestock enclosures, demonstrating its importance in agrarian communities.

The scientific documentation of Vachellia tortilis has been well-recorded, with notable contributions made by Forsskål, whose work was later complemented by Galasso and Banfi in the 2008 publication in Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano.

In conclusion, the Umbrella-thorn is not just a tree but a vital component of the ecological and cultural fabric of its native regions. Its remarkable adaptations and multifaceted uses underscore its importance and the need for ongoing conservation efforts to preserve this extraordinary species.

Common Names

Spa: espino de parasol
Afr: haak-en-steek
Eng: umbrella thorn, umbrella-thorn, umbrella thorn acacia
Ara: salam, samr, samur, سمر ، حرز
En: Umbrella-thorn, Umbrella thorn, Umbrella Thorn Acacia
Af: Haak-en-steek
Ar: Talha, Abser, Salam, Samr, Samur, سمر ، حرز
Es: Espino de parasol

Synonyms

Acacia tortilis ((Forssk.) Hayne)
Mimosa tortilis (Forssk.)