Wild plum (Prunus domestica, Sp. Pl.: 475 (1753))

Family: Rosaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 475 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Prunus

Vegetable: False

Observations: Türkiye

Description

Wild plum, scientifically known as Prunus domestica, is a member of the Rosaceae family. This species has a notable mention in the revered botanical work by Linnaeus, “Species Plantarum,” published in 1753, where it is cited on page 475.

One of the intriguing regions where Wild plum is observed is Türkiye, a country known for its rich and diverse flora. Often found in temperate climates, these trees are valued for their hardy nature and are a common sight in various landscapes ranging from wild forests to cultivated gardens.

Prunus domestica is appreciated not only for its ecological importance but also for its economic value. The wild plum produces small to medium-sized fruits that are both nutritious and flavorful, often utilized in culinary applications such as jams, jellies, and desserts. The fruit of the Wild plum is also known for its beneficial properties, packed with essential vitamins and antioxidants.

The tree itself displays beautiful blooms in spring, with white to pale pink flowers that enhance the landscape’s aesthetic appeal. Prunus domestica is a resilient species, able to thrive in different soil types, although it prefers well-drained soils with adequate sunlight.

Aside from its ornamental and nutritional value, the Wild plum holds cultural significance across regions, often symbolizing resilience and the cyclical nature of life owing to its deciduous nature.

The detailed study and classification of Prunus domestica by Linnaeus mark a significant contribution to botanical literature, highlighting the plant’s enduring relevance from historical texts to modern-day horticultural practices.

Common Names

Dan: blomme
Deu: eigentliche krieche, pflaume, pflaume, zwetsche, zwetschge, zwetschgenbaum, zwetschke, haferpflaume, kriechenpflaume, mirabelle, pflaumenbaum, reineclaude, reneklode, rundpflaumen, zwetsche
Eng: european plum, wild plum, damson plum, plum, bullace plum, gage, gardalu, garden plum, greengage, prune plum, yellow plum, zwispeln, prunier
Fra: mirabelle, prunier domestique, pruneaulier, prunier, prunier commun, prunier d’europe, prunier de l’islet
Mlt: pruna
Por: abrunheiro-manso, ameixa, ameixa-comum, ameixa-européia, ameixa-preta, ameixa-roxa, ameixa-vermela, ameixoeira
Lav: m
Swe: plommon, krikon/plommon
Ces: slivoň švestka
Nld: pruim, kroosjes, pruim + kroosjes
Cym: coed eirin gwyllt, coeden eirin gwyllt, eirin gwyllt, eirinbren cyffredin, eirinen, eirinen-bren, eirinen-bêr
Hin: alubukhara
Spa: cirolero, ciruelo
Zho: ou zhou li, wu jing zi li
En: Wild plum, European plum, Bullace, Bullace plum, Common plum, Damson, Damson plum, Dawson, Náhkôhematôtse, Susìn, Plum, Gage, Gardalu, Garden plum, Greengage, Prune plum, Yellow plum, Zwispeln, Prunier, Plum Tree, Prunes
Af: Pruim, Pruimedant
Sq: Kumbulla
Ar: برقوق شائع
Hy: Մամխասալորենի
Az: Adi gavalı
Ba: Слива
Eu: Okaran
Be: Сліва дамашняя, Сьліва дамашняя
Bn: আলু বোখারা
Bs: Šljiva
Bg: Домашна слива
My: မက်မန်းသီး
Ca: Prunera
Zh: Ou zhou li, 欧洲李, Wu jing zi li
Hr: Šljiva
Cs: Slivoň švestka, Švestka
Da: Blomme, Blommetræ
Nl: Pruim, Kroosjes, Pruim + Kroosjes
Eo: Pruno
Et: Harilik ploomipuu
Fi: Luumu, Luumupuu, Tarhaluumupuu
Fr: Prunier, Mirabelle, Prunier domestique, Pruneaulier, Prunier commun, Prunier d’Europe, Prunier de l’Islet, Prunier cultivé
Gl: Ameixeira
Ka: Ქლიავი
De: Pflaume, Zwetschge, Eigentliche Krieche, Pflaume, Zwetsche, Zwetschgenbaum, Zwetschke, Haferpflaume, Kriechenpflaume, Mirabelle, Pflaumenbaum, Reineclaude, Reneklode, Rundpflaumen, Zwetsche
El: Δαμάσκηνο
Ht: Prin
He: שזיף
Hi: आलू बुख़ारा, Alubukhara
Hu: Nemes szilva
Is: Plóma
Io: Pruno
Id: Prem
It: Pruno, Susino
Kk: Қара өрік
Ko: 서양자두나무
Lv: Plūme, M
Lt: Slyva
Lb: Promm
Ms: Pokok Plum
Ml: പ്ലം
Mt: Pruna
Gv: Plumbis
Mr: आलुबुखार
Nv: Chʼil naʼatłʼoʼiitsoh
Ne: आलुबखडा
No: Plomme
Oc: Prunièr, Pruna
Os: Чылауи
Ps: کورني آلو
Fa: آلو
Pl: Śliwa domowa
Pt: Ameixeira-europeia, Ameixeira, Abrunheiro-manso, Ameixa, Ameixa-comum, Ameixa-européia, Ameixa-preta, Ameixa-roxa, Ameixa-vermela, Ameixoeira
Pt-br: Ameixa-comum, Ameixa-européia, Ameixa-preta, Ameixa-roxa, Ameixa-vermela, Ameixeira
Qu: Sirwila
Ro: Prun
Ru: Слива домашняя
Sr: Шљива
Sk: Slivka domáca
Es: Cirolero, Ciruelo, Ciruela
Sw: Mplamu
Sv: Plommon, Sviskon, Krikon/plommon
Tl: Sirwelas
Zh-tw: 歐洲李
Tt: Йорт караҗимеше
Th: พลัมยุโรป
Uk: Слива домашня
Vi: Phân chi Mận mơ
Wa: Biokî
Cy: Coeden eirin gwyllt, Coed Eirin Gwyllt, Eirin Gwyllt, Eirinbren Cyffredin, Eirinen, Eirinen-Bren, Eirinen-Bêr
Fy: Prom
Yi: פלוים

Synonyms

• Persica domestica vinosa (Risso)
• Prunus silvestris (Jord. & Fourr.)
• Prunus domestica var. galatensis (L.)
• Prunus communis pyaeidicalyx (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. sativa (Boreau)
• Prunus communis puberipes (Clavaud)
• Persica domestica oblonga (Risso)
• Prunus cerasiflora (Paill.)
• Prunus communis subvar. platyphylla (Clavaud)
• Prunus ballota (Lamotte)
• Prunus communis subvar. subvestita (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis subbiflora (Clavaud)
• Persica domestica suaveolens (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. armenioides (Ser.)
• Prunus domestica oblonga (Risso)
• Prunus maliformis ((L.) Poir.)
• Prunus amygdalina ((L.) Poir.)
• Prunus domestica var. pruneauliana (Ser.)
• Prunus cereola ((L.) Poir.)
• Prunus domestica var. cereola (L.)
• Prunus domestica var. maliformis (L.)
• Persica domestica albida (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. mammillaris (Schübl. & G.Martens)
• Prunus communis dulcis (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. alpina-orientalis (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus silvatica (Desv.)
• Prunus bokhariensis (Royle ex C.K.Schneid.)
• Prunus brignola ((L.) Poir.)
• Prunus domestica plantieri (Carrière)
• Prunus domestica subsp. cyclopetala ((Borbás) Holuby)
• Prunus oeconomica (Borkh.)
• Prunus sanctae-catharinae (Lamotte)
• Prunus augustana ((L.) Poir.)
• Persica domestica lutea (Risso)
• Prunus sativa (Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus domestica sussina (Risso)
• Persica domestica nana (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. brignola (L.)
• Prunus communis subuniflora (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis elegans (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis f. puberidens (Clavaud)
• Persica domestica rotundata (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. aubertiana (Ser.)
• Prunus domestica var. damascena (L.)
• Prunus perdigona ((L.) Poir.)
• Prunus enucleata (Poir.)
• Prunus sativa subvar. nudipes ((Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus oeconomica var. sylvestris (Borkh.)
• Prunus domestica subsp. pseudoitalica (Pénzes)
• Prunus ambigua ((Rouy & E.G.Camus) P.Fourn.)
• Prunus sativa subvar. puberipes ((Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus domestica subsp. praecox (H.L.Werneck)
• Persica domestica hyemalis (Risso)
• Prunus domestica maliformis ((L.) Kirchn. & J.Eichler)
• Prunus domestica var. culinaria (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus domestica vulgaris (Ducommun)
• Prunus communis f. nudisepala (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. pendula (Lavallée)
• Prunus domestica f. plantieri ((Carrière) Rehder)
• Prunus polymorpha damascena ((L.) Griess.)
• Prunus varactensis (Boreau)
• Prunus sativa var. subvestita ((Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus erubescens (Paill.)
• Prunus domestica var. turonensis (Ser.)
• Prunus galatensis ((L.) Poir.)
• Persica domestica verrucosa (Risso)
• Druparia prunus (Clairv.)
• Prunus domestica subsp. oeconomica (C.K.Schneid.)
• Prunus domestica subsp. intermedia (Röder)
• Prunus domestica var. subrotunda ((Bechst.) Buia)
• Prunus domestica var. catharinea (Ser.)
• Prunus communis aniflora (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis subvar. praecociflora (Clavaud)
• Persica domestica prunus (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. augustana (L.)
• Prunus communis subvar. subnuda (Clavaud)
• Prunus oeconomica var. domestica ((L.) Borkh.)
• Prunus domestica var. pyramidalis ((DC.) Loudon)
• Prunus spinosa subsp. domestica ((L.) H.Groves & J.Groves)
• Persica domestica fragrans (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. mamillaris (Schübl. & G.Martens)
• Prunus communis congestiflora (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. cyanocarpa (Boreau)
• Prunus domestica subsp. prisca (Bertsch)
• Prunus communis subvar. stenophylla (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis nudipes (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis subsp. domestica ((L.) Syme)
• Prunus latifolia (Jord. & Fourr.)
• Prunus domestica var. pernicona (L.)
• Prunus pruna (Boreau)
• Prunus polymorpha domestica ((L.) Griess.)
• Prunus sepivaga (Jord. & Fourr.)
• Prunus vapincensis (Jord. & Fourr.)
• Prunus sativa subsp. domestica ((L.) Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus sativa var. subnuda ((Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus domestica var. amygdalina (L.)
• Prunus domestica subsp. versicolor (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus domestica var. erratica (Gaudin)
• Prunus domestica subsp. ovalis (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus communis gymnoclada (Clavaud)
• Prunus italica f. plantieri ((Carrière) Rehder)
• Prunus domestica var. oxycarpa ((Bechst.) Buia)
• Prunus domestica subsp. rotunda (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus communis vulgatior (Clavaud)
• Prunus rosiflora (Paill.)
• Prunus saxicola (Boreau)
• Prunus communis porcorum (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. oeconomica (Fiori)
• Persica domestica ponderosa (Risso)
• Prunus domestica subsp. bisacuminata (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus domestica var. norica (H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus rubescens (Lamotte)
• Persica domestica thovinii (Risso)
• Prunus sativa var. praecociflora ((Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus sativa subsp. ambigua (Rouy & E.G.Camus)
• Prunus domestica var. longipedicellata (Pénzes)
• Persica domestica floresemiduplici (Risso)
• Prunus domestica var. vinaria ((Bechst.) H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus domestica subsp. mamillaris ((Schübl. & G.Martens) H.L.Werneck)
• Prunus communis subvar. normalis (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. cyclopetala ((Borbás) Pénzes)
• Prunus communis var. domestica ((L.) Huds.)
• Prunus domestica var. acinaria (L.)
• Prunus communis intermedia (Clavaud)
• Prunus communis rusticana (Clavaud)
• Prunus domestica var. persicifolia (Lavallée)
• Prunus virescens (Paill.)
• Prunus domestica var. apyrena (Lavallée)
• Prunus spinosa var. domestica ((L.) H.Groves & J.Groves)
• Prunus domestica var. sylvestris ((Borkh.) Asch. & Graebn.)
• Prunus domestica var. claudiana ((Poir.) Fiori)

Distribution

• Turkey (native)
• Algeria (introduced)
• Assam (introduced)
• Austria (introduced)
• Belgium (introduced)
• Bolivia (introduced)
• Bulgaria (introduced)
• California (introduced)
• Canary Is. (introduced)
• Central European Rus (introduced)
• Colorado (introduced)
• Connecticut (introduced)
• Cyprus (introduced)
• Czechoslovakia (introduced)
• Delaware (introduced)
• East European Russia (introduced)
• East Himalaya (introduced)
• Falkland Is. (introduced)
• France (introduced)
• Germany (introduced)
• Great Britain (introduced)
• Gulf of Guinea Is. (introduced)
• Hungary (introduced)
• Idaho (introduced)
• India (introduced)
• Iraq (introduced)
• Ireland (introduced)
• Italy (introduced)
• Kazakhstan (introduced)
• Kirgizstan (introduced)
• Korea (introduced)
• Libya (introduced)
• Louisiana (introduced)
• Maine (introduced)
• Maryland (introduced)
• Masachusettes (introduced)
• Michigan (introduced)
• Morocco (introduced)
• Nevada (introduced)
• New Brunswick (introduced)
• New Hampshire (introduced)
• New Jersey (introduced)
• New South Wales (introduced)
• New York (introduced)
• New Zealand North (introduced)
• Nova Scotia (introduced)
• Ohio (introduced)
• Ontario (introduced)
• Oregon (introduced)
• Pennsylvania (introduced)
• Poland (introduced)
• Portugal (introduced)
• Québec (introduced)
• Rhode I. (introduced)
• South European Russi (introduced)
• Spain (introduced)
• Sweden (introduced)
• Tadzhikistan (introduced)
• Tunisia (introduced)
• Turkey-in-Europe (introduced)
• Turkmenistan (introduced)
• Utah (introduced)
• Uzbekistan (introduced)
• Vermont (introduced)
• Virginia (introduced)
• Washington (introduced)
• Yugoslavia (introduced)

Additional Images

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flower

Taken Mar 18, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 18, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 18, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 18, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Taken Apr 8, 2018 by Heinz Gass (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Taken Jul 9, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 16, 2022 by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 16, 2022 by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Taken Jul 27, 2017 by Fejul Xeto (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 16, 2022 by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Taken Sep 7, 2017 by Heinz Gass (cc-by-sa)

Habit

Taken Jul 5, 2021 by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 16, 2022 by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 9, 2017 by 1 (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 28, 2021 by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Bark

Taken Jul 30, 2019 by grifory grigory (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jun 6, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Oct 8, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Aug 11, 2022 by pflantastisch (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 5, 2021 by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)

Other

Taken Dec 14, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 11, 2022 by Dominik Muczyński (cc-by-sa)

Taken Nov 12, 2022 by Dominik Muczyński (cc-by-sa)

Taken Jul 16, 2015 by Tela Botanica − xbx (cc-by-sa)

Taken Mar 31, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Sources

• WFO (No URL)
• IPNI (No URL)
• GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/7931731)
• POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30221374-2)
• PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Prunus domestica L.)

Specifications

Growth form: Rhizomatous

Growth habit: Tree

Growth rate: Rapid

Growth

Ph maximum: 8.2

Ph minimum: 5.0

Light: 7

Atmospheric humidity: 5

Bloom months: [‘mar’, ‘apr’]

Soil nutriments: 5