Family: Sapindaceae
Author: (Desf.) S.T.Reynolds
Bibliography: Austrobaileya 2: 335 (1987)
Year: 1987
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Alectryon
Vegetable: False
Observations: N. Western Australia
Description
Australian Rosewood (Alectryon oleifolius)
The Australian rosewood, scientifically known as Alectryon oleifolius, is a remarkable species native to the north-western regions of Australia. This tree belongs to the Sapindaceae family, a diverse group that encompasses many notable species.
First described by Desfontaines and later re-examined by S.T. Reynolds in his 1987 publication in Austrobaileya, the Australian rosewood has garnered attention for its unique characteristics and resilience. Its common name, “Australian rosewood,” can be somewhat misleading as it isn’t a true rosewood, but it possesses equally intriguing properties.
Typically thriving in the arid and semi-arid zones of north-western Australia, Alectryon oleifolius is well-adapted to its environment. The tree displays a modest growth habit, equipped with tough, leathery leaves that are an adaptation to survive the harsh climate. These leaves are narrow and oleaceous, an attribute likely contributing to its species name, ‘oleifolius’, which hints at oil-like foliage.
One of the distinct features of the Australian rosewood is its production of small, inconspicuous flowers followed by the development of strikingly beautiful, bright red arillate seeds. These seeds are not only a spectacle to behold but play a significant role in the local ecosystem by providing nourishment to various native fauna.
The timber of the Australian rosewood is another notable aspect. It is valued for its density and fine grain, making it a sought-after material for woodworking and crafting high-quality furniture and decorative items. However, due to its limited distribution and slow growth rate, sustainable management practices are essential to ensure the continued availability of this precious resource.
In traditional contexts, the Australian rosewood has also played roles in indigenous cultures, providing both utilitarian and ecological benefits. Knowledge of its uses and significance has been passed down through generations and forms a crucial part of the cultural heritage of the regions where it grows.
In summary, the Australian rosewood (Alectryon oleifolius) is a quintessential example of the unique flora found in north-western Australia. Its botanical attributes, ecological roles, and the high regard for its timber all contribute to its importance both in natural ecosystems and human utilization. The ongoing documentation and study of species like the Australian rosewood help in understanding and conserving these remarkable plants for future generations.
Common Names
Eng: australian rosewood, bonaree, western rosewood
En: Australian rosewood, Bonaree, Western rosewood
Hy: Գազ ձիթենատերև
Synonyms
- Nephelium oleifolium ((Desf.) F.Muell.)
- Heterodendrum oleifolium (Desf.)
Distribution
- New South Wales (native)
- Queensland (native)
- South Australia (native)
- Western Australia (native)
Additional Images
Flower
Taken Nov 21, 2020 by Sarah RubyPark (cc-by-sa)
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/7265069)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:944297-1)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) Reynolds)