Family: Asteraceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: (1753). Sp. Pl. 2
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Cichorium
Vegetable: True
Observations: a cultigen from E. Medit.
Description
Endive, scientifically known as Cichorium endivia, is a leafy green belonging to the Asteraceae family. This plant carries a rich cultivation history tracing back to the Eastern Mediterranean region. First formally described in 1753 in the “Species Plantarum” by renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus, endive holds a notable position both in historical botanical literature and modern culinary applications.
Characterized by its mildly bitter leaves and distinct curly or broad-leafed varieties, endive is revered for its versatility in the kitchen. The two primary types are curly endive, also called frisée, and broad-leaved endive, known as escarole. Each type offers unique textures and flavors, making them popular choices for salads, soups, and other dishes.
As a cultigen, endive has been selectively bred and cultivated over the centuries to enhance its desirable traits, including flavor, leaf structure, and hardiness. This meticulous cultivation has made endive a staple in various cuisines worldwide, prized for its crisp texture and slightly bitter taste that adds complexity to an array of recipes.
Beyond its culinary uses, endive is appreciated for its nutritional benefits. It is low in calories and packed with essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate. Additionally, endive provides dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and promotes overall gut health.
In the garden, endive requires careful attention to soil quality and climate. It thrives in well-drained soil with ample organic matter and prefers cooler temperatures. Gardeners often plant endive in early spring or late summer to avoid the intense heat, which can cause the plant to bolt and develop a more intensely bitter flavor.
To enjoy endive at its best, it is essential to harvest it at the right time. Ideally, gardeners should pick the leaves when they are young and tender, which typically occurs in late spring or early autumn. This ensures that the endive retains its optimal texture and taste, making it a delightful addition to various dishes.
In summary, Cichorium endivia, or endive, is a fascinating and valuable plant with deep historical roots and a wide range of applications. Its cultivation from the Eastern Mediterranean region to its current status as a culinary favorite underscores the enduring appeal and versatility of this distinctive leafy green.
Common Names
Dan: almindelig endivie
Nld: andijvie
Fra: chicon, chicorée, chicorée endive, chicorée frisée, chicorée à rameaux, endive, scarole, escarole
Eng: cultivated endive, endive, escarole, curly endive
Pol: cykoria endywia, endywia, szczerbak wielki
Ita: endivia, scarola
Deu: endivie
Kor: kkot-sang-chi
Sqi: kore, çikore
Swe: sydcikoria
Por: chicória, chicória-crespa, endívia, radichio
Spa: escarola, escarola crespa
Ces: čekanka štěrbák
Bul: гладкоплодна синя жлъчка
Ukr: ендивій, цикорій справжній
Ron: чикоарэ эндивие
Heb: עֹלֶשׁ מָצוּי, עולש מצוי
Cym: ysgallen y meirch, ysgellog y meirch
En: Endive, Escarole, Cultivated endive, Curly endive, Endive Chicory, Garden endivia, Endives
Sq: Kore, Çikore
Ar: هندباء أنديفية, Siikuri
Eu: Osterzuri
Be: Цыкорыя эндывія
Bg: Гладкоплодна синя жлъчка
Ca: Endívia
Zh: 苦苣
Hr: Endivija
Cs: Čekanka štěrbák
Da: Almindelig endivie
Nl: Andijvie
Eo: Endivio
Et: Endiiviasigur (endiivia, Lehtsigur)
Fi: Endiivi
Fr: Chicorée à rameaux, Chicorée endive, Chicorée frisée, Scarole, Escarole, Chicon, Chicorée, Endive, Chicorée de Belgique
De: Endivie, Winterendivie
El: Αντίδι
He: עולש (אנדיב), עֹלֶשׁ מָצוּי, עולש מצוי
Hu: Endívia
Io: Endivio
Id: Endive
Ga: Searbhán muc
It: Scarola, Endivia, Endivia riccia
Ko: 엔디브, Kkot-sang-chi
Ku: Xêzimok
Lb: Andéif
Nv: Tʼąąʼdoolghasí
No: Endivie
Fa: اندیو
Pl: Cykoria endywia, Endywia, Szczerbak wielki
Pt: Chicória, Endívia, Chicória-crespa, Radichio
Ro: Andivă, Чикоарэ эндивие
Ru: Эндивий
Sr: Ендивија
Sk: Čakanka štrbáková
Es: Escarola, Escarola crespa, Endibia, Endivia
Sv: Sydcikoria
Ta: அகலிலை காரக்கீரை
Tr: Hindiba
Uk: Цикорій салатний, Ендивій, Цикорій справжній
Vi: Rau cúc đắng
Cy: Ysgellog y meirch, Ysgallen y Meirch
Synonyms
- Cichorium intybus var. endivia ((L.) Mérat)
- Cichorium endivia var. latifolia (Lam. ex Gaudin)
- Cichorium saticum (Gray)
- Cichorium esculentum (Salisb.)
- Cichorium saticum var. crispum (Gray)
- Cichorium crispum (Mill.)
- Cichorium endivia var. crispum ((Mill.) DC.)
- Cichorium endivia var. latifolium (DC.)
- Cichorium endivia var. angustifolium (DC.)
- Cichorium endivia subsp. sativum (Cout.)
- Cichorium endivia var. angustifolia (Lam. ex Gaudin)
- Cichorium endivia var. crispa (Lam. ex Gaudin)
- Cichorium endivia var. roborovskyi (Tzvelev)
Distribution
- Egypt (native)
- Palestine (native)
- Belgium (introduced)
- Bulgaria (introduced)
- Gilbert Is. (introduced)
- Marianas (introduced)
- Sicilia (introduced)
Additional Images
Flower
Taken Sep 11, 2021 by Ardien Van Der Kruit (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 17, 2021 by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 17, 2021 by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 9, 2021 by jean-jacques kelner (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 17, 2021 by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Aug 30, 2021 by Daan Schrauwen (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 15, 2011 by Photoflora – Jean-Luc TASSET (©)
Taken Jul 24, 2021 by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 13, 2021 by Caro Lohou (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 17, 2021 by Gianni Del Bufalo (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Oct 25, 2021 by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 17, 2022 by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 9, 2022 by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 9, 2022 by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 8, 2022 by Annemarie Ahrens-Stehle (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Nov 6, 2022 by paul clement (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 27, 2022 by Eric (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 22, 2022 by Cedric Lacrambe (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 25, 2021 by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 20, 2022 by michel cosme (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Oct 22, 2022 by Alain Pouzou (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 25, 2022 by Séverine Lenglet (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 21, 2022 by Kevin Fabiani (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 22, 2022 by gabrielle kotewitz (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 6, 2022 by paul clement (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken Aug 25, 2021 by Sabin Poenariu (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 1, 2022 by Gis Just (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 21, 2021 by Souppe K. (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 8, 2022 by Tonya (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 16, 2022 by Gavin Kirk (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5392243)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:194527-1)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Cichorium endivia L.)
Specifications
Growth habit>: Forb/herb
Growth
Sowing: Direct seed indoors, transplant outside after hardening off seedlings
Row spacing: {‘cm’: 40}
Spread: {‘cm’: 25}
Ph maximum: 7.5
Ph minimum: 7.0
Light: 8
Atmospheric humidity: 7
Soil nutriments: 6