Family: Papaveraceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 508 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Papaver
Vegetable: False
Observations: Macaronesia, W. & C. Medit.
Description
The Oilseed poppy, scientifically known as Papaver somniferum, is a significant member of the Papaveraceae family. Its origins can be traced to various regions, particularly Macaronesia as well as the western and central Mediterranean areas. The plant’s nomenclature and classification were first documented by the renowned taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in the seminal work “Species Plantarum” in 1753.
Renowned for its striking beauty, the Oilseed poppy exhibits vibrant, delicate blooms, which are often seen in hues of white, pink, red, or purple. These flowers have a characteristic cup shape and a contrasting dark center, creating a captivating visual display.
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Papaver somniferum holds considerable economic and agricultural importance due to its seeds and extracts. The seeds harvested from this plant are widely utilized as a source of oil, making them a staple in culinary practices across various cultures. Additionally, the seeds are employed in baking and as a garnishment in numerous dishes, adding a subtle nutty flavor.
Medicinally, the Oilseed poppy is renowned for its alkaloid content, particularly morphine, codeine, and thebaine, which are derived from its latex. These compounds have played a pivotal role in pain management and anesthesia, making the poppy an invaluable resource in the field of medicine.
Cultivation of Papaver somniferum demands careful attention, as it thrives in well-drained soil with ample sunlight. The plant is typically sown in the spring, and its growth cycle culminates in a bountiful harvest during the late summer months.
Despite its benefits, the Oilseed poppy has garnered regulatory attention due to its potential for misuse in the production of narcotics. As a result, cultivation and distribution are often subject to stringent legal controls to prevent unlawful exploitation.
In conclusion, the Oilseed poppy is a plant of multifaceted relevance, admired for its beauty, valued for its seeds, and essential for its medicinal properties. Its cultivation and use, however, must be managed responsibly to maximize benefits while mitigating risks.
Common Names
Ara: ābu el-num, khishkhash
Spa: adormidera
Deu: borstiger schlaf-mohn, schlaf-mohn, schlafmohn
Lit: daržinė aguona
Eng: oilseed poppy, opium poppy, small opium poppy, wild poppy, common garden poppy, common poppy, garden poppy, opium
Dan: opium-valmue
Fra: pavot officinal, pavot à opium, oeillette, pavot, pavot commun, pavot somnifère
Heb: pereg tarbuti, פרג תרבותי
Ces: mak siaty, mák setý
Lav: miega magone
Fin: oopiumiunikko
Swe: oopiumiunikko, opievallmo, opiumvallmo
Nob: opiumsvalmue
Nno: opiumsvalmue
Ita: papavero da oppio
Por: papoula
Est: unimagun
Nld: slaapbol
Cym: buiwg ffengig, cwsglys, drewg gwyn, llys y cwsg, llysiau cwsg, llysiau’r cwsg
En: Oilseed poppy, Wild poppy, Small opium poppy, Opium poppy, Afion, Apiyun, Հայկական Մեկոն, Common garden poppy, Common poppy, Garden poppy, Opium
Af: Olie papawer
Ar: Ābu el-num, Khishkhash, خشخاش منوم, ābu el-num, خشخاش, Abu al-noom, Abu al-num, Abu an-noom, Abu an-num, Khashkhash, أبو النوم, أَبُو النُوم, خَشْخاش
Hy: Քնաբեր խաշխաշ
Az: Yuxu xaşxaşı
Eu: Lo-belar
Be: Мак снатворны
Bn: পপি ফুল
Bg: Сънотворен мак
My: ဘိန်းပင်
Ca: Cascall
Zh: Ying su, 罂粟, 罌粟
Kw: Myll koskles
Hr: Mak
Cs: Mák setý, Mak siaty
Da: Opium-Valmue
Nl: Slaapbol
Eo: Opipapavo
Et: Unimagun
Fi: Ooppiumiunikko, Oopiumiunikko
Fr: Pavot somnifère, Pavot officinal, Pavot à opium, Oeillette, Pavot, Pavot commun, Pavot des jardins
Gl: Durmideira
Ka: Ხაშხაში
De: Schlafmohn, Schalf-Mohn, Schlaf-Mohn, Borstiger Schlaf-Mohn, Mohn, Gartenmohn, Opiummohn, Ölmohn
El: Μήκων η υπνοφόρος
He: פרג האופיום, Pereg tarbuti, פרג תרבותי
Hu: Kerti mák
Is: Draumsól, Ópíumvalmúi
Id: Candu
Ga: Codlaidín
It: Papavero da oppio, Papavero domestico, Papavero (sonnifero)
Ja: Keshi
Kn: ಗಸಗಸೆ
Ko: Yanggwibi, 양귀비
Lv: Miega magone
Lt: Daržinė aguona
Mk: Опиумски афион
Ml: കറുപ്പ്
Mr: खसखस
No: Opiumsvalmue
Nb: Opiumsvalmue
Nn: Opiumsvalmue
Or: ଅଫିମ
Pa: ਪੋਸਤ
Fa: خشخاش
Pl: Mak ogrodowy, Mak lekarski
Pt: Papoila-dormideira, Papoula, Dormideira, Papoila
Qu: Yuraq p’akincha
Ro: Mac de grădină
Ru: Мак опийный
Sr: Мак
Sd: ڏوڏي
Sk: Mak siaty
Es: Adormidera (soporifera), Adormidera, Vrtni mak, Papaver somniferum, Ababa, Amapola, Amapola real, Semillas de Amapola
Sw: Mpopi
Sv: Opievallmo, Opiumvallmo, Oopiumiunikko
Tl: Apian (halaman)
Zh-tw: 罌粟
Ta: கசகசா
Te: నల్లమందు
Th: ต้นฝิ่น
Zh-hant: 罌粟
Tr: Haşhaş
Uk: Мак городній
Ur: پوست
Vi: Anh túc
Cy: Llysiau cwsg, Buiwg Ffengig, Cwsglys, Drewg Gwyn, Llys y Cwsg, Llysiau’r Cwsg
Synonyms
Distribution
- Algeria (native)
- Baleares (native)
- Canary Is. (native)
- Corse (native)
- France (native)
- Italy (native)
- Libya (native)
- Madeira (native)
- Morocco (native)
- Portugal (native)
- Sardegna (native)
- Sicilia (native)
- Spain (native)
- Tunisia (native)
- Afghanistan (introduced)
- Alabama (introduced)
- Albania (introduced)
- Alberta (introduced)
- Amur (introduced)
- Angola (introduced)
- Argentina Northeast (introduced)
- Argentina South (introduced)
- Arizona (introduced)
- Assam (introduced)
- Azores (introduced)
- Baltic States (introduced)
- Bangladesh (introduced)
- Belarus (introduced)
- Belgium (introduced)
- Bermuda (introduced)
- British Columbia (introduced)
- Bulgaria (introduced)
- California (introduced)
- Cambodia (introduced)
- Central European Rus (introduced)
- Chile Central (introduced)
- Chile South (introduced)
- China North-Central (introduced)
- China South-Central (introduced)
- China Southeast (introduced)
- Colorado (introduced)
- Connecticut (introduced)
- Cyprus (introduced)
- Czechoslovakia (introduced)
- Denmark (introduced)
- East Aegean Is. (introduced)
- East European Russia (introduced)
- East Himalaya (introduced)
- Ecuador (introduced)
- Ethiopia (introduced)
- Finland (introduced)
- Great Britain (introduced)
- Greece (introduced)
- Greenland (introduced)
- Hainan (introduced)
- Honduras (introduced)
- Hungary (introduced)
- Iceland (introduced)
- Illinois (introduced)
- India (introduced)
- Inner Mongolia (introduced)
- Iran (introduced)
- Iraq (introduced)
- Ireland (introduced)
- Juan Fernández Is. (introduced)
- Kazakhstan (introduced)
- Kentucky (introduced)
- Khabarovsk (introduced)
- Korea (introduced)
- Kriti (introduced)
- Krym (introduced)
- Laos (introduced)
- Lebanon-Syria (introduced)
- Magadan (introduced)
- Maine (introduced)
- Manchuria (introduced)
- Manitoba (introduced)
- Masachusettes (introduced)
- Mexico Northeast (introduced)
- Mexico Northwest (introduced)
- Mexico Southeast (introduced)
- Mexico Southwest (introduced)
- Michigan (introduced)
- Minnesota (introduced)
- Missouri (introduced)
- Myanmar (introduced)
- Nepal (introduced)
- New Brunswick (introduced)
- New Hampshire (introduced)
- New Jersey (introduced)
- New Mexico (introduced)
- New South Wales (introduced)
- New York (introduced)
- New Zealand North (introduced)
- Newfoundland (introduced)
- Norfolk Is. (introduced)
- North Carolina (introduced)
- North Caucasus (introduced)
- North Dakota (introduced)
- Norway (introduced)
- Nova Scotia (introduced)
- Ohio (introduced)
- Ontario (introduced)
- Oregon (introduced)
- Pakistan (introduced)
- Palestine (introduced)
- Pennsylvania (introduced)
- Peru (introduced)
- Primorye (introduced)
- Qinghai (introduced)
- Québec (introduced)
- Romania (introduced)
- Saskatchewan (introduced)
- Saudi Arabia (introduced)
- South Australia (introduced)
- South European Russi (introduced)
- Sweden (introduced)
- Tadzhikistan (introduced)
- Tasmania (introduced)
- Texas (introduced)
- Thailand (introduced)
- Tibet (introduced)
- Transcaucasus (introduced)
- Tristan da Cunha (introduced)
- Turkey (introduced)
- Turkey-in-Europe (introduced)
- Turkmenistan (introduced)
- Ukraine (introduced)
- Uruguay (introduced)
- Utah (introduced)
- Uzbekistan (introduced)
- Venezuela (introduced)
- Vermont (introduced)
- Victoria (introduced)
- Vietnam (introduced)
- Virginia (introduced)
- West Himalaya (introduced)
- West Siberia (introduced)
- Western Australia (introduced)
- Wisconsin (introduced)
- Xinjiang (introduced)
- Yemen (introduced)
- Yugoslavia (introduced)
Additional Images
Flower
Taken Jun 15, 2020 by Vanessa salliot (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 3, 2019 by Chantal Rian (cc-by-sa)
Taken Feb 25, 2019 by Arnaud Moeykens (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 27, 2017 by Subu Angkha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 19, 2016 by María Maria Naudeau (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Jul 23, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 23, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 14, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 14, 2018 by jose (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 21, 2016 by María Maria Naudeau (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken May 27, 2020 by Denise de Lassat (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 30, 2020 by claude lerat -gentet Mme (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 10, 2020 by hini (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 23, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 15, 2017 by rita (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken Jan 13, 2020 by emma faron (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)
Taken Jun 9, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 23, 2021 by Ana Lucas Lucas (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 23, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Apr 20, 2019 by laccoro (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 29, 2017 by Sherol (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 31, 2016 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 26, 2022 by M B (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 6, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Apr 19, 2022 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 2, 2020 by Michael Andresek (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 1, 1800 by Tela Botanica − Daniel MATHIEU (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 31, 2016 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 31, 2016 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:673724-1)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2888439)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Papaver somniferum L.)
Specifications
Growth habit: Forb/herb
Growth
Ph maximum: 7.5
Ph minimum: 7.0
Light: 8
Atmospheric humidity: 5
Soil nutriments: 6