Family: Brassicaceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 666 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Brassica
Vegetable: True
Observations: a cultigen from S. Europe
Description
Rape, known scientifically as Brassica napus, is a significant plant species cultivated primarily in Southern Europe. Identified and documented by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753, it holds a prominent place in both agricultural and botanical studies.
Belonging to the Brassicaceae family, which encompasses a variety of well-known crops and garden plants, rape is particularly valued for its versatile use in agriculture. Historically, it has been cultivated for its oil-rich seeds, which are processed into canola oil. Additionally, it serves as a productive cover crop, aiding in soil fertility and structure.
The importance of rape in Southern European agriculture cannot be understated. As a cultigen, it has been selectively bred and adapted over generations to thrive in this region, contributing to its agricultural and economic significance. The plant exhibits characteristics typical of the Brassica genus, including broad, lobed leaves and bright yellow flowers that are visually striking and beneficial for pollinators.
In summary, Brassica napus, or rape, is a cultivated plant of noteworthy importance from Southern Europe, extensively utilized for its oil content and agricultural benefits, rooted in the rich botanical lineage of the Brassicaceae family.
Common Names
Fra: colza, navette, chou navet, chou-rave, moutarde-navet, navet, rutabaga
Heb: cruv ha’napus, כרוב הנפוס
Nld: koolzaad
Deu: lewat, raps, raps und kohlrübe
Eng: oilseed-rape, rape, rapeseed, canola, oil-seed rape, oilseed rape, rutabaga, swedish turnip, winter rape
Dan: raps
Lit: rapsas
Por: canola, colza, couve-nabo, mostarda-brava, nabiça, nabo
Nob: fôrkål, raps/fôrkål/kålrot, kålrot
Nno: fôrkål, raps/fôrkål/kålrot, kålrot
Swe: kålrot/raps, lanttu, rapsi, raps
Fin: lanttu, rapsi
Cym: bresych yr ŷd, erfinen yr ŷd, maip yr ŷd, meipen wyllt, meipen yr ŷd, rêp
En: Rape, Rutabaga, Turnip, Canola, Oilseed rape, “oilseed rape, Siberian kale”, Rape kale, Siberian kale, Swede, रेपसीड, Oilseed-rape, Rapeseed, Oil-Seed Rape, Swedish turnip, Winter rape, Rapeseeds, Oilseed rape (German: Raps)
Af: Kanola, Olieraap
Ar: سلجم
Hy: Սևուկ
Az: Raps
Ba: Рапс
Eu: Koltza
Be: Рапс
Bs: Uljana repica
Bg: Рапица
Ca: Colza
Zh: Ou zhou you cai, 欧洲油菜
Cv: Рапсă
Kw: Ervinik
Hr: Uljana repica
Cs: Brukev řepka
Da: Raps
Nl: Koolzaad
Eo: Kolzo
Et: Raps
Fi: Rapsi, Lanttu, rapsi
Fr: Navette, Colza, Chou navet, Chou-rave, Moutarde-navet, Navet, Rutabaga, Chou-navet
Gl: Colza
Ka: Რაფსი
De: Raps, Lewat, Raps und Kohlrübe
El: Ελαιοκράμβη
He: לפתית, Cruv ha’napus, כרוב הנפוס
Hi: कैनोला
Hu: Repce
Is: Repja
Io: Nabeto
Ga: Ráib
It: Cavolo navone, Colza
Ja: Seiyō-aburana
Kk: Raps, Рапс, راپس
Ky: Рапс
Ko: 유채
Lv: Rapsis
Lt: Rapsas
Mk: Маслодајна репка
Ms: Biji sesawi
Ml: റേപ്സീഡ്
Mn: Рапс
No: Raps
Nb: Fôrkål, Raps/fôrkål/kålrot, Kålrot
Nn: Fôrkål, Raps/fôrkål/kålrot, Kålrot
Fa: کلزا
Pl: Kapusta rzepak
Pt: Colza, Canola, Couve-nabo, Mostarda-brava, Nabiça, Nabo
Ro: Rapiță
Ru: Рапс
Sr: Уљана репица
Sk: Repka olejná, Kapusta repková
Es: Oljna ogrščica, Colza, Nabo
Sv: Raps, Kålrot/raps, Lanttu, rapsi
Zh-tw: 歐洲油菜
Tt: Рапс
Th: ผักกาดก้านขาว
Bo: སྣུམ་ཚལ་
Zh-hant: 西洋油菜
Tr: Kanola
Uk: Ріпак
Uz: Raps
Vi: Cải dầu
Wa: Golzå
Cy: Rêp, Bresych yr Ŷd, Erfinen yr Ŷd, Maip yr Ŷd, Meipen Wyllt, Meipen yr Ŷd
Yi: קאנאלא אויל
Synonyms
- Brassica oleifera (Moench)
- Brassica oleracea var. napobrassica (L.)
- Brassica campestris f. glauca ((Roxb.) Prain)
- Brassica praecox (Waldst. & Kit. ex DC.)
- Brassica napus var. oleifera (Delile)
- Brassica campestris f. simplex (Prain)
- Brassica napus f. dolichocarpa (O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica campestris var. napus ((L.) Bab.)
- Brassica stricta (Nestl. ex DC.)
- Brassica oleracea var. suecica (Gray)
- Brassica napus var. aestiva (Endl.)
- Brassica campestris subsp. napus ((L.) Hook.f.)
- Crucifera napus ((L.) E.H.L.Krause)
- Brassica napus var. biennis ((Schübl. & G.Martens) Rchb.)
- Brassica napus var. rutila (Alef.)
- Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera (Metzg.)
- Brassica campestris subvar. purpurascens (DC.)
- Brassica napus var. ulti ((Prain) O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica napus subsp. rapifera (Metzg.)
- Brassica napus var. syntomocarpa (O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica campestris subsp. napobrassica ((L.) Schübl. & G.Martens)
- Brassica quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson)
- Brassica rutabaga ((DC.) A.Vilm.)
- Brassica campestris f. quadrivalvis ((Hook.f. & Thomson) Prain)
- Brassica napus var. flava (DC.)
- Brassica napus var. leptorhiza (Spach)
- Brassica rapa subsp. napus ((L.) Briq.)
- Brassica harmsiana (O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica macrorhiza (Gray)
- Brassica napus var. pabularia ((DC.) Rchb.)
- Brassica campestris var. glauca ((Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller)
- Brassica campestris subsp. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens)
- Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica ((L.) O.Schwarz)
- Brassica campestris var. dichotoma (Duthie & Fuller)
- Brassica campestris f. luteoalba (Makino)
- Brassica campestris var. bullatopetsai (Makino)
- Brassica sativa subsp. napus ((L.) Clavaud)
- Brassica napus var. alba (DC.)
- Brassica napus var. arvensis ((Duchesne) Thell.)
- Brassica napus var. brevirostris (Borbás)
- Brassica campestris subsp. rapifera ((Metzg.) Sinskaya)
- Brassica napus subsp. oleifera ((DC.) Metzg.)
- Brassica campestris var. communis (DC.)
- Brassica napus var. sarcorhiza (Spach)
- Brassica campestris var. quadrivalvis ((Hook.f. & Thomson) Duthie & Fuller)
- Sinapis napus ((L.) Brot.)
- Brassica napus var. rossica (Alef.)
- Brassica napus var. rapifera (Metzg.)
- Brassica napus var. glauca ((Roxb.) O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica-napus sylvestris (A.Vilm.)
- Brassica oleracea var. hongnoensis (H.Lév.)
- Brassica campestris subsp. annua (Schübl. & G.Martens)
- Brassica napus var. nigricans (DC.)
- Brassica campestris var. napobrassica ((L.) Prain)
- Sinapis glauca (Roxb.)
- Brassica campestris f. spontanea (Makino)
- Brassica napus var. annua (K.Koch)
- Brassica napus f. annua ((Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.)
- Brassica napus var. edulis (Delile)
- Brassica napus var. schebalinae (Bondartseva & Pivov.)
- Brassica napus var. trimestris (Boenn.)
- Brassica campestris var. rutabaga (DC.)
- Brassica napus subsp. pabularia ((DC.) Janch.)
- Brassica campestris var. akana (Makino)
- Brassica napus f. rubescens (Peterm.)
- Napus oleifera (K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.)
- Brassica napus var. esculenta (DC.)
- Brassica napus var. hiemalis (Döll)
- Brassica napus f. micrantha (O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica oleracea f. praecox (Spreng.)
- Brassica campestris var. toria (Duthie & Fuller)
- Brassica napobrassica (Mill.)
- Brassica macrorhiza var. sativa (Gray)
- Raphanus napus ((L.) Crantz)
- Brassica napus var. quadrivalvis ((Hook.f. & Thomson) O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica campestris var. dentatopetsai (Makino)
- Brassica campestris var. nippo-oleifera (Makino)
- Brassica napus var. sahariensis (A.Chev.)
- Brassica napus var. arabica (O.E.Schulz)
- Brassica napus f. dissecta (Peterm.)
- Brassica napus f. biennis ((Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.)
- Brassica campestris f. rutabaga (DC.)
- Brassica campestris var. biennis ((Schübl. & G.Martens) Rchb.)
- Brassica campestris subvar. alba (DC.)
- Brassica napus f. typica (Posp.)
- Brassica gongylodes (Mill.)
- Brassica campestris var. oleifera ((K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.) Prain)
- Brassica campestris subvar. ulti (Prain)
- Rapa napus ((L.) Mill.)
- Brassica napus var. italica (Alef.)
- Brassica napus var. napobrassica ((L.) Rchb.)
Distribution
- France (native)
- Afghanistan (introduced)
- Alabama (introduced)
- Alaska (introduced)
- Albania (introduced)
- Alberta (introduced)
- Algeria (introduced)
- Altay (introduced)
- Amsterdam-St.Paul Is (introduced)
- Argentina Northeast (introduced)
- Argentina Northwest (introduced)
- Arizona (introduced)
- Arkansas (introduced)
- Azores (introduced)
- Baleares (introduced)
- Baltic States (introduced)
- Bangladesh (introduced)
- Belgium (introduced)
- Bolivia (introduced)
- British Columbia (introduced)
- Bulgaria (introduced)
- Buryatiya (introduced)
- California (introduced)
- Central European Rus (introduced)
- Chile Central (introduced)
- Chile South (introduced)
- China North-Central (introduced)
- China South-Central (introduced)
- China Southeast (introduced)
- Colombia (introduced)
- Colorado (introduced)
- Connecticut (introduced)
- Corse (introduced)
- Costa Rica (introduced)
- Crozet Is. (introduced)
- Cuba (introduced)
- Czechoslovakia (introduced)
- Delaware (introduced)
- District of Columbia (introduced)
- Dominican Republic (introduced)
- East European Russia (introduced)
- Ethiopia (introduced)
- Falkland Is. (introduced)
- Florida (introduced)
- Galápagos (introduced)
- Georgia (introduced)
- Germany (introduced)
- Greece (introduced)
- Guatemala (introduced)
- Haiti (introduced)
- Idaho (introduced)
- Illinois (introduced)
- Indiana (introduced)
- Inner Mongolia (introduced)
- Iowa (introduced)
- Iran (introduced)
- Iraq (introduced)
- Italy (introduced)
- Japan (introduced)
- Juan Fernández Is. (introduced)
- Kentucky (introduced)
- Kenya (introduced)
- Kerguelen (introduced)
- Korea (introduced)
- Krasnoyarsk (introduced)
- Krym (introduced)
- Labrador (introduced)
- Libya (introduced)
- Louisiana (introduced)
- Madeira (introduced)
- Maine (introduced)
- Mali (introduced)
- Manitoba (introduced)
- Marshall Is. (introduced)
- Maryland (introduced)
- Masachusettes (introduced)
- Mauritius (introduced)
- Michigan (introduced)
- Mississippi (introduced)
- Missouri (introduced)
- Morocco (introduced)
- New Brunswick (introduced)
- New Hampshire (introduced)
- New Jersey (introduced)
- New Mexico (introduced)
- New South Wales (introduced)
- New York (introduced)
- New Zealand North (introduced)
- New Zealand South (introduced)
- Newfoundland (introduced)
- Norfolk Is. (introduced)
- North Carolina (introduced)
- North Caucasus (introduced)
- North European Russi (introduced)
- Northwest European R (introduced)
- Northwest Territorie (introduced)
- Norway (introduced)
- Nova Scotia (introduced)
- Ohio (introduced)
- Oklahoma (introduced)
- Ontario (introduced)
- Oregon (introduced)
- Pakistan (introduced)
- Palestine (introduced)
- Pennsylvania (introduced)
- Portugal (introduced)
- Primorye (introduced)
- Prince Edward I. (introduced)
- Puerto Rico (introduced)
- Queensland (introduced)
- Québec (introduced)
- Rodrigues (introduced)
- Réunion (introduced)
- Sardegna (introduced)
- Saskatchewan (introduced)
- Saudi Arabia (introduced)
- Sicilia (introduced)
- South Australia (introduced)
- Spain (introduced)
- Tasmania (introduced)
- Tennessee (introduced)
- Transcaucasus (introduced)
- Tunisia (introduced)
- Ukraine (introduced)
- Utah (introduced)
- Vermont (introduced)
- Victoria (introduced)
- Virginia (introduced)
- Washington (introduced)
- West Himalaya (introduced)
- West Siberia (introduced)
- West Virginia (introduced)
- Wisconsin (introduced)
- Yemen (introduced)
Additional Images
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Habit
Taken Mar 30, 2022 by thi67 (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 17, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 22, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 14, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 1, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Flower
Taken Mar 16, 2021 by 840am (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 22, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 22, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 22, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 22, 2019 by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken May 31, 2021 by Annemarie Ahrens-Stehle (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 14, 2022 by romain bazin (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 1, 2022 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 6, 2021 by Vidal Toni (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 6, 2021 by laura devecchi (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Dec 14, 2021 by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 3, 2019 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 3, 2019 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 3, 2019 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 3, 2019 by Creu Lopez (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Jan 2, 2017 by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 14, 2022 by Gaël Covain (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 19, 2022 by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 10, 2022 by Jim Knopf (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 10, 2021 by Gabi Malek (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken Dec 13, 2020 by Flo Peillon (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 14, 2022 by Gaël Covain (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 5, 2022 by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Taken Apr 12, 2013 by Tela Botanica − Florent Beck (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 6, 2022 by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/3042636)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279419-1)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Brassica napus L.)
Specifications
Growth form: Single Crown
Growth habit: Forb/herb
Growth rate: Rapid
Growth
Ph maximum: 7.2
Ph minimum: 6.0