Spanish iris (Iris xiphium, Sp. Pl.: 40 (1753))

Table of Contents

Family: Iridaceae

Author: L.

Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 40 (1753)

Year: 1753

Status: accepted

Rank: species

Genus: Iris

Vegetable: Unknown

Observations: W. & C. Medit.

Description

The Spanish iris, scientifically known as Iris xiphium, is a captivating species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Iridaceae. Described by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal work “Species Plantarum” in 1753, this elegant plant is native to the Western and Central Mediterranean regions.

Spanish irises are cherished for their strikingly beautiful flowers, which typically bloom in late spring to early summer. The blooms are characterized by their vibrant hues, including shades of blue, purple, yellow, and white, often adorned with intricate patterns and captivating markings. Each flower consists of six lobes, with three outer “falls” and three inner “standards” that form a distinct and symmetrical shape, making them a favored choice among gardeners and florists alike.

One of the key attributes of Iris xiphium is its preference for mild, Mediterranean-like climates. It thrives in well-drained soils and benefits from full sunlight, though it can tolerate partial shade. Gardeners often plant Spanish irises in borders, rock gardens, or containers, where they can be displayed to their full potential. Additionally, the plant’s hardy nature allows it to withstand periods of drought once established, making it suitable for xeriscaping and low-water gardens.

The Spanish iris holds not only aesthetic appeal but also historical significance. Throughout history, irises have been symbols of power and majesty, often depicted in royal insignias and heraldry. The Iris xiphium, with its regal appearance, continues this tradition of representing elegance and endurance.

In terms of cultivation, it is recommended to plant the bulbs of Iris xiphium in the autumn, at a depth of about 10-12 cm (4-5 inches) and spaced approximately 15 cm (6 inches) apart. This ensures that the plants have enough room to grow and establish a strong root system. Regular watering during the growing season will promote healthy blooms, but care should be taken to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to rot.

Whether in a formal garden setting or a wild, natural landscape, the Spanish iris stands out as a symbol of natural beauty and resilience. With proper care and favorable conditions, it can grace gardens with its stunning flowers year after year, making it a cherished addition to any plant enthusiast’s collection.

Common Names

Eng: spanish iris
Deu: spanische iris
Swe: spansk iris
Cym: gellesg sbaen, gellesgen sbaen
Por: maios
En: Spanish iris, Bulbous Iris
Ca: Lliri gínjol
Nl: Spaanse Lis
Fi: Espanjankurjenmiekka
Fr: Iris à feuilles en glaive, Iris d’Espagne, Iris à feuilles en forme de glaive
De: Spanische Iris, Spanische Schwertlilie
He: אירוס הולנדי
It: Giaggiolo inglese, Giaggiolo
Fa: زنبق اسپانیایی
Pt: Lírio-dos-montes, Maios
Pt-br: Lírio-de-Espanha
Es: Lirio azul, Lirio bulboso, Lirio español
Sv: Spansk iris
Tr: İspanya süseni
Cy: Gellesgen Sbaen, Gellesg Sbaen

Synonyms

Iris spectabilis (Spach)
Iris variabilis subsp. lusitanica ((Ker Gawl.) K.Richt.)
Iris xiphium var. lusitanica ((Ker Gawl.) Foster)
Xiphion vulgare var. lusitanicum ((Ker Gawl.) Baker)
Iris xiphium f. durandoi (Batt.)
Iris coronaria (Salisb.)
Iris hispanica (Tubergen)
Iris taitii (Foster)
Xiphion vulgare (Mill.)
Xiphion xiphium ((L.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev)
Iris xiphium var. battandieri (Foster)
Xiphion sordidum (Salisb.)
Xiphion verum (Schrank)
Iris xiphium var. castrensis (Costa)
Xiphion xiphium var. lusitanicum ((Ker Gawl.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev)
Xiphion xiphium var. battandieri ((Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev)
Xiphion xiphium var. praecox ((Dykes) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev)
Iris xiphium var. praecox (Dykes)
Iris lusitanica (Ker Gawl.)
Xiphion xiphium var. taitii ((Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev)
Iris variabilis subsp. sordida (K.Richt.)
Xiphion lusitanicum ((Ker Gawl.) Alef.)
Iris lusitanica var. sordida (Nyman)
Iris xiphia (St.-Lag.)
Iris variabilis (Jacq.)