Family: Juncaceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 328 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Juncus
Vegetable: False
Observations: Subarctic & Subalpine Northern Hemisphere
Description
The Three-flower rush, scientifically known as Juncus triglumis, is an intriguing plant with a significant presence in subarctic and subalpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Described in the seminal work “Species Plantarum” published in 1753 by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus, this species is a testament to the rich diversity of the Juncaceae family.
Juncus triglumis distinguishes itself through its characteristic small, delicate flowers, which typically group in sets of three, a feature from which its common name is derived. The plant thrives in cool, moist environments, which are typically found in its subarctic and subalpine habitats. These ecosystems provide the ideal conditions for its growth and survival, with their high elevation, cool temperatures, and often boggy soils.
The distribution of Three-flower rush across the Northern Hemisphere highlights its adaptability and resilience to extreme climatic conditions. It can be found in various countries extending from the northern regions of Europe and Asia to the expansive terrains of North America. The plant’s presence in such diverse geographical locations underscores its ecological versatility.
In terms of botanical structure, Juncus triglumis features slender, erect stems that arise from a rhizomatous base, which is typical of many rush species. The leaves are reduced and sheathing, a common adaptation for conserving moisture in its preferred habitats. The inflorescence is particularly notable for its triad of flowers, each miniature blossom contributing to the elegant simplicity of the plant’s overall appearance.
The deep connection of Juncus triglumis to subarctic and subalpine ecologies is not just a matter of botanical interest but also of ecological significance. This plant plays a role in its native habitats by stabilizing soil, preventing erosion, and providing a microhabitat for other small organisms. Despite its modest size, the Three-flower rush is an essential component of the delicate balance within its ecosystems.
Thus, Juncus triglumis is a remarkable species that exemplifies the beauty and complexity of plant life in some of the planet’s most challenging environments. With roots in the foundational botanical literature by Linnaeus and a wide-reaching presence across the cooler regions of the globe, this plant continues to capture the attention of botanists and plant enthusiasts alike.
Common Names
Deu: dreiblütige binse
Nor: blomfrytle, fiellfrytle, lappefrytle
Fin: kolmikkovihvilä
Swe: kolmikkovihvilä, lapptåg
Pol: sit trójluskowy
Eng: three-flower rush, three-hulled rush, threehulled rush, three-flowered rush
Nob: trillingsiv, fjelltrillingsiv
Nno: trillingsiv, fjelltrillingsiv
Fra: jonc à trois glumes
Sme: suonjerjiekta
Cym: brwynen dri-blodeuog, brwynen dri-flodeuog
En: Three-flower rush, Three-hulled rush, Three-flowered Rush, Threehulled rush
Bg: Триципеста дзука
Ca: Jonc tribracteat
Zh: 贴苞灯心草, 贴苞灯芯草
Cs: Sítina trojplevá
Fi: Kolmikkovihvilä
Fr: Jonc à trois glumes
De: Dreiblütige Binse, Dreispelzige Binse
It: Giunco nudo
Se: Suonjerjiekta
No: Blomfrytle, Fiellfrytle, Lappefrytle
Nb: Trillingsiv, Fjelltrillingsiv
Nn: Trillingsiv, Fjelltrillingsiv
Pl: Sit trójłuskowy, Sit trójluskowy
Sv: Lapptåg, Kolmikkovihvilä
Uk: Ситник трилусковий
Cy: Brwynen dri-blodeuog, Brwynen Dri-Flodeuog
Synonyms
- Juncus triglumis var. typicus (Buchenau)
- Tristemon simplex (Raf.)
Distribution
- Alaska (native)
- Alberta (native)
- Aleutian Is. (native)
- Altay (native)
- Austria (native)
- British Columbia (native)
- Bulgaria (native)
- Buryatiya (native)
- China North-Central (native)
- China South-Central (native)
- Chita (native)
- Colorado (native)
- Czechoslovakia (native)
- East European Russia (native)
- East Himalaya (native)
- Finland (native)
- France (native)
- Føroyar (native)
- Germany (native)
- Great Britain (native)
- Greenland (native)
- Iceland (native)
- Idaho (native)
- Irkutsk (native)
- Italy (native)
- Japan (native)
- Kamchatka (native)
- Khabarovsk (native)
- Kirgizstan (native)
- Korea (native)
- Krasnoyarsk (native)
- Kuril Is. (native)
- Labrador (native)
- Magadan (native)
- Manitoba (native)
- Mongolia (native)
- Montana (native)
- Nepal (native)
- New Mexico (native)
- Newfoundland (native)
- North Caucasus (native)
- North European Russi (native)
- Northwest Territorie (native)
- Norway (native)
- Nunavut (native)
- Ontario (native)
- Pakistan (native)
- Poland (native)
- Primorye (native)
- Qinghai (native)
- Québec (native)
- Romania (native)
- Sakhalin (native)
- Saskatchewan (native)
- Spain (native)
- Svalbard (native)
- Sweden (native)
- Switzerland (native)
- Tadzhikistan (native)
- Tibet (native)
- Transcaucasus (native)
- Tuva (native)
- Ukraine (native)
- Utah (native)
- Uzbekistan (native)
- West Himalaya (native)
- West Siberia (native)
- Wyoming (native)
- Xinjiang (native)
- Yakutskiya (native)
- Yukon (native)
Additional Images
Flower
Taken Jul 10, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 10, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 10, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 10, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 4, 1995 by Andrew Gagg (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Nov 14, 2022 by Sarah Hart (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 14, 2022 by Sarah Hart (cc-by-sa)
Taken Aug 8, 2022 by Henri Sneessens (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 10, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Fruit
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Encyclopedia of Life (cc-by-nc)
Habit
Taken Jul 27, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Claude FIGUREAU (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute. (public)
Taken Jul 31, 2008 by EOL − Michael Wunderli (cc-by)
Taken Jan 11, 2011 by EOL − Ryan Batten (cc-by-nc-sa)
Taken Jul 27, 2012 by Tela Botanica − Claude FIGUREAU (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Aug 15, 1998 by Photoflora – Benoit BOCK (©)
Taken Jul 15, 2012 by Photoflora – Yann QUELEN (©)
Taken Jul 15, 2008 by Photoflora – Benoit BOCK (©)
Taken Jan 1, 1970 by Photoflora – L’Abbé COSTE (©)
Bark
Taken Jul 10, 2015 by Tela Botanica − Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/2701939)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:443609-1)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Juncus triglumis L.)
Specifications
Growth form: Bunch
Growth habit: Graminoid
Growth rate: Moderate
Growth
Ph maximum: 7.5
Ph minimum: 6.0
Light: 8
Atmospheric humidity: 8
Bloom months: [‘jun’, ‘jul’, ‘aug’, ‘sep’]
Soil nutriments: 2