Family: Pinaceae
Author: L.
Bibliography: Sp. Pl.: 1000 (1753)
Year: 1753
Status: accepted
Rank: species
Genus: Pinus
Vegetable: False
Observations: S. Europe to Lebanon
Description
The Umbrella Pine, scientifically known as Pinus pinea, stands as a remarkable and distinctive tree species belonging to the Pinaceae family. This fascinating tree was first described by the renowned botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal work, “Species Plantarum,” published in 1753.
Native to the Mediterranean region, the distribution of the Umbrella Pine extends from Southern Europe to Lebanon. This geographical spread highlights the tree’s adaptability to various climates and terrains within the region. Understanding the ecological parameters it thrives in can provide valuable insights into its growth and development.
One of the most striking features of the Umbrella Pine is its unmistakable canopy structure. As the name suggests, the tree’s canopy has a unique, umbrella-like shape, characterized by a broad, flattened crown that often resembles the spread of an umbrella. This distinct form not only adds an aesthetic appeal but also offers functional benefits, such as providing ample shade and protection from the elements in its native habitats.
The tree’s evergreen needles are another noteworthy aspect, remaining vibrant throughout the year and contributing to the landscape’s greenery. These needles are accompanied by the production of large, edible pine nuts, which have historically been a significant food source in the regions where the tree is indigenous. The pine nuts are encased in cones that mature over a span of three years, an extended period that underscores the tree’s slow but steady growth cycle.
Ecologically, Pinus pinea plays an essential role in its native environments. Its ability to thrive in poor, sandy soils and its tolerance to drought conditions make it a resilient species, crucial for stabilizing soils and preventing erosion in coastal and arid areas. The tree’s extensive root system has also been known to enhance soil structure and fertility, benefiting surrounding plant life and contributing to the overall health of the ecosystem.
In summary, the Umbrella Pine, or Pinus pinea, is a distinguished member of the Pinaceae family, valued for its unique canopy shape, evergreen foliage, and edible pine nuts. Originating from Southern Europe to Lebanon, this tree has adapted well to various Mediterranean climates and soils, playing a vital role in both ecological sustainability and cultural practices of the region.
Common Names
Tur: fistikçami
Eng: italian stone pine, stone pine, umbrella pine, parasol pine, pignolia-nut pine
Deu: italienische steinkiefer, pinie, schirmkiefer
Hun: mandulafenyo
Nld: parasolden
Fra: pin parassol, pin pignon, pin parasol, pin pinier
Ita: pino a ombrello, pino da pinoli, pino domestico
Por: pinheiro manso, pinheiro-da-itália, pinheiro-de-pinhão, pinheiro-guarda-sol, pinheiro-litorâneo, pinheiro-manso, pinheiro-sombrinha, pinhão, pinhero manso
Swe: pinje
Spa: pino manso, pino piñonero, pino real
Rus: сосна пиния (sosna piniya)
Zho: 意大利伞松 (yi da li san song)
En: Umbrella pine, Pignolia-nut pine, Stone pine, Italian stone pine, Parasol pine
Af: Sambreelden
Ar: صنوبر ثمري
Hy: Սոճի իտալական
Az: İtaliya şamı
Eu: Pinazi-pinu
Bg: Пиния
Ca: Pi pinyer, Pi de pinyons, Pi parasol
Zh: 意大利石松, 意大利伞松 (yi da li san song)
Co: Pinu granatu
Hr: Pinija
Cs: Borovice pinie
Da: Pinje
Nl: Parasolden, Pijnboom
Eo: Pinio
Et: Piinia
Fi: Pinja
Fr: Pin parasol, Pin pignon, Pin parassol, Pin pinier, Pin d’Italie
Gl: Piñeiro manso
Ka: Იტალიური ფიჭვი
De: Schirmkiefer, Pinie, Italienische Steinkiefer
El: Κουκουναριά
He: אורן הצנובר
Hu: Mandulafenyő, Mandulafenyo
Is: Hjálmfura
Io: Pinio
It: Pino domestico, Pino da pignoli, Pino da pinoli, Pino a ombrello, Pino italico
Ko: 우산소나무
Lt: Italinė pušis
Mk: Пинија
No: Pinje
Fa: کاج چتری
Pl: Sosna pinia
Pt: Pinheiro-manso, Pinheiro manso, Pinheiro-da-itália, Pinheiro-de-pinhão, Pinheiro-guarda-sol, Pinheiro-litorâneo, Pinheiro-sombrinha, Pinhão, Pinhero Manso
Ro: Coconar
Ru: Сосна пиния, Сосна пиния (sosna piniya)
Sc: Oppinu bonu
Sr: Пињол
Es: Pinija, Pino Piñonero, Pino manso, Pino real, Pino de piñón, Pino doncel, Pino parasol
Sv: Pinje
Th: สนหิน
Tr: Fıstık çamı, Fistikçami
Uz: Sanobar
Cy: Pinwydden ymbarél
Synonyms
- Pinus arctica (Carrière)
- Pinus africana (Münchh.)
- Pinea esculenta (Opiz)
- Apinus pinea ((L.) Neck. ex Rydb.)
- Pinus fastuosa (Salisb.)
- Pinus fragilis (Carrière)
- Pinus pinea var. maderiensis ((Ten.) Carrière)
- Pinus aracanensis (Knight ex Gordon & Glend.)
- Pinus maderiensis (Ten.)
Distribution
- Albania (native)
- Baleares (native)
- Corse (native)
- Cyprus (native)
- East Aegean Is. (native)
- France (native)
- Greece (native)
- Italy (native)
- Kriti (native)
- Lebanon-Syria (native)
- Portugal (native)
- Sicilia (native)
- Spain (native)
- Turkey (native)
- Algeria (introduced)
- Canary Is. (introduced)
- Libya (introduced)
- Morocco (introduced)
- New South Wales (introduced)
- Palestine (introduced)
- Tunisia (introduced)
- Turkey-in-Europe (introduced)
- Yugoslavia (introduced)
Additional Images
Fruit
Taken Jun 12, 2018 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 1, 2016 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 11, 2018 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 22, 2018 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jun 11, 2018 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Bark
Taken Nov 19, 2021 by Helena Del Pozo (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 1, 2018 by Martin Teodori (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 8, 2021 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 17, 2018 by Klas Hellgren (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 22, 2018 by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Habit
Taken Sep 3, 2017 by Jose Luis Romero (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 19, 2021 by Helena Del Pozo (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 9, 2017 by Rocío Pérez (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 8, 2021 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Taken Nov 11, 2019 by Michela (cc-by-sa)
Leaf
Taken Sep 22, 2019 by alex peron (cc-by-sa)
Taken Sep 22, 2019 by alex peron (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 8, 2021 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Taken Dec 8, 2021 by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 25, 2020 by John (cc-by-sa)
Other
Taken Apr 12, 2011 by Tela Botanica − Daniel BARTHELEMY (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jul 13, 2021 by o1ken (cc-by-sa)
Taken Feb 13, 2020 by Renaud Brochiero (cc-by-sa)
Taken Jan 26, 2022 by Marie-Claude Darnajou (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 23, 2021 by Yusuf Karaman (cc-by-sa)
Flower
Taken Jan 1, 1900 by EOL − Roberto Picco (cc-by)
Taken Apr 20, 2019 by Andrés González Muñoz (cc-by-sa)
Taken May 2, 2020 by Manuel Sousa (cc-by-sa)
Taken Oct 27, 2020 by Boris V (cc-by-sa)
Taken Mar 22, 2021 by Cristóbal José (cc-by-sa)
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
- WFO (No URL)
- IPNI (No URL)
- POWO (http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263221-1)
- GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/5285165)
- PlantNet (https://identify.plantnet.org/species/the-plant-list/Pinus pinea L.)
Specifications
Growth habit: Tree
Growth
Ph maximum: 7.5
Ph minimum: 7.0
Light: 8
Atmospheric humidity: 4
Bloom months: [‘apr’, ‘may’]
Soil nutriments: 4